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Research Article Open Access
Development of
Bt
Rice by Molecular Marker-assisted Selection and Assays for
Insect-Resistance
Xin Liu , Zhou Yang , Guanjun Gao , Yongjun Lin , Xueping Zhu , Jianyou Yu , Yuqing He
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, 430070
Corresponding author email: yqhe@mail.hzau.edu.cn;
Authors
Molecular Plant Breeding 2010, Vol.1 No.2 DOI:10.5376/mpb.2010.01.0002
Received: 14 May, 2010
Accepted: 12 June, 2010
Published: 6 September, 2010
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of th
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Liu et al 2010, Development of
Bt
Rice by Molecular Marker-assisted Selection and Assays for Insect-Resistance, Molecular Plant Breeding Vol.1 No.2
(DOI:10.5376/mpb.2010.01.0002)
Abstract
Rice germplasm 9311 and Fuhui 838 are both elite parent lines, particular for two and three-line indica hybrid rice in
China, respectively. Two kinds of major lepidopteran pests in rice production, stemborers and leaffolders, cause severe yield loss in
the most rice-producing countries. Bt toxic protein which are expressed by
cry1Ac
,
cry1C*
and
cry2A*
should be the most available
methods to decrease the damage by these lepidopterans. To improve the rice resistance to insects, three Bt genes, i.e.
cry1Ac
,
cry1C*
and
cry2A*
, were introgressed to 9311 and Fuhui 838 from the donor parents, that are Minghui63 (
cry1C*
), Minghui63 (
cry2A*
),
Minghui63 (
cry1Ac
) respectively by molecular maker-assisted selection. The results showed that the improved lines got greatly
resistance to the pests, and acquired good results of the agronomic traits. The improved lines would not only have potential
application value but also can be used as bridge materials in rice transgenic breeding.
Keywords
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.); Bt Gene (
cry1Ac
,
cry1C*
and
cry2A*
); Marker-assisted selection; Assays for insect-resistant
Background
The yield and quality of rice have been suffering the
damages by lepidoptern pests in the most rice-producing
countries in the world. Especially in the recent years,
the major pests such as stemborers and leaffolders are
damaging the rice more and more severely. For a long
time, the methods to control the pests depended on
poisonous chemical insecticides in large amounts,
which would bring many negative effects such as the
pollution to the environment, health hazard to human
and animals, the increasing product costs and so on.
During the last two decades, transgenic approaches
that to introduce insecticidal crystal protein genes
from
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) into plants have got
great development. Bt toxin protein is known as
biopesticide to control the pests efficiently. First, the
protoxins could identify and bind steadily to specific
receptors of midgut after the solubilization under the
alkaline conditions in the gut (Hofmann et al., 1988a;
Hofmann et al., 1988b; van Rie et al., 1989; van Rie et
al., 1990). Then, some parts of the toxins could induce
the ion channels or nonspecific pores in the target
apical membrane by the help of the receptors and
specific proteases (Knowles, 1994; Schwartz et al.,
1997; Gazit et al., 1998; Schnepf et al., 1998). Finally,
the target pests would be killed because of the
decomposition of the midgut membrane by the
disruption of ionic equilibrium or ionic equilibrium.
No doubt, using
Bt
crops could sharply not only
decrease the amounts of poisonous chemical insecticides
spray which would bring great burden to the
environment and health hazard, but also lower the
costs of planting. Therefore,
Bt
crops would greatly
help us to efficiently control the rice lepidopteran
pests and build a harmonious relationship between
people and the environment.
As one class of
Bt
genes, crystal protein gene (cry) are
used currently and widely in developing transgenic
crops to control lepidopteran pests. There are threes
classes of
cry
genes (
cry1Ac
,
cry1C*
and
cry2A*
)
employed in this study, and there are also some related
reports about the application of these three
cry
genes
which could give their severe toxicity to the main
lepidopteran pests. Taking the rice for an example, as