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Genomics and Applied Biology, 2011, Vol.2 No.5
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Research Report Open Access
Transcription of Rice Green Revolution Gene
sd1
is Clarified by Comparative
RNA Diagnosis Using the Isogenic Background
Motonori Tomita
1
Shota Matsumoto
2
1. Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 101, Minami 4-chome, Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
2. Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
Corresponding author, tomita@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp; tomita206@gmail.com;
Authors
Genomics and Applied Biology 2011, Vol.2 No.5 doi: 10.5376/gab.2011.02.0005
Received: 14 Nov., 2011
Accepted: 29 Nov., 2011
Published: 20 Dec., 2011
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Tomita et al., 2011, Transcription of Rice Green Revolution Gene
sd1
is Clarified by Comparative RNA Diagnosis Using the Isogenic Background, Genomics
and Applied Biology, 2011, Vol.2 No.5 (doi: 10.3969/gab.2011.02.0005)
Abstract
The
sd1
allele, on the long arm of chromosome 1, encoding a defective C20-oxidase in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis
pathway (GA 20-oxidase,
OsGA20ox2
) confers the semidwarf phenotype that contributed to Green Revolution in rice. It has yet to be
known whether
sd1
is transcribed. The two alleles at the
sd1/OsGA20ox2
locus of each line, the Japanese leading varieties
Koshihikari and Hikarishinseiki having inherited over 99.8% of the Koshihikari genome, except for
sd1
, were successfully
distinguished by RT-PCR amplification of the first exon followed by digestion with
Pma
CI. RNA extracted from the leaves and roots
was employed as the template then the 779 bp fragment was clearly cleaved into the 613 bp and 166 bp fragments by
Pma
CI
digestion in Hikarishinseiki, but not cleaved in Koshihkari. Therefore, the RNA diagnosis figured out clarified that
sd1
gene derived
from Jukkoku was transcribed in Hikarishinseiki. It would be a first evidence of the transcription of
sd1
. Moreover, the taste and
quality of Hikarishinseiki were in line with that of Koshihikari across Japan during two years, and it might be practically valuable as
a brand rice description in the rice-producing districts of 13 prefectures in Japan.
Keywords
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L); Semidwarf; Green Revolution;
sd1
; Transcription; RNA diagnosis; Trait performance; Lodging
resistance
Background
The development of high-yielding semidwarf varieties
of wheat and rice led to a rapid increase in the global
production of cereal grains, which more than doubled
from 1960 to 1990 (Khush, 1999). The semidwarf rice
variety, IR8, was developed by using the Chinese
landrace ‘Dee-geo-woo-gen’ (DGWG) and released
by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). It
was known as “miracle rice” that responds well to
fertilizer and produces an increased yield without
culm elongation. Widespread adoption of the miracle
rice brought about a global “green revolution”, parti-
cularly in the monsoonal regions of Asia, where
typhoons frequently occur during the harvesting
season (Athwal, 1971; Khush, 1999).
The semidwarf character is one of a very important
agronomic trait in crop breeding. In other countries,
many other short-culm cultivars were developed using
an independent source of semidwarfism germplasms,
such as the Japanese indigenous landrace ‘Jukkoku’
(Okada et al., 1967), or γ-ray-induced semidwarf
cultivars such as ‘Reimei’ in Japan and ‘Calrose 76’ in
the USA (Foster and Rutger, 1978). Although dwarf
varieties of rice have contributed to the dramatic
improvement and stabilization of yields worldwide,
the dwarf stature of varieties derived from native or
mutant maternal lines happens to be controlled by a
single dwarf gene,
sd1
(Kikuchi and Futsuhara, 1997;
Monna et al., 2002; Spielmeyer et al., 2002; Sasaki et
al., 2002; Ashikari et al., 2002). The
sd1
allele is
located on the long arm of chromosome 1 (Cho et al.,
1994a; 1994b; Maeda et al., 1997), which confers the
semidwarf phenotype without detrimental effects on
grain yield (Hedden, 2003a; 2003b).
In Japan, Koshihikari suffers considerable lodging
damage as a result of frequent powerful typhoons, and