Molecular Entomology, 2025, Vol.16, No.1, 28-38 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 35 number and dosage of unnecessary broad-spectrum insecticide sprays should be reduced as much as possible, and alternative methods such as biological control, trapping and insect-resistant varieties should be adopted instead (Zhang et al., 2022; Gebhardt et al., 2025). Secondly, the selection of low-toxicity agents and the optimization of application methods are also important measures. For example, pesticides with low toxicity or short duration of action to bees can be used first, and the pesticides can be applied during the low peak period of pollination activity (such as at night and before and after flowering) to avoid the peak period of bee collection. In addition, the development and promotion of more bee-friendly plant protection technologies is also one of the long-term strategies. For example, for application methods such as seed coating and soil treatment that may cause bee exposure, the formulation can be improved to reduce dust drift. Finally, it is also very important to strengthen education and cooperation with farmers and beekeepers. Farmers can understand the value of pollinators and the impact of pesticides through training, so that they are willing to adjust their drug use habits in actual operations; beekeepers can establish a communication mechanism with farmers, know the application plan in advance and temporarily relocate the beehives to avoid poisoning incidents (Bloom et al., 2021). 6.2 Suggestions for improving agricultural landscape diversity and ecological corridor construction In response to the problems caused by habitat fragmentation and resource homogeneity, improving agricultural landscape structure and diversifying farmland habitats are effective strategies to protect pollinators and support their evolutionary adaptability. Specific measures include: adding habitat corridors, retaining semi-natural habitat patches, and optimizing land use layout. The construction of ecological corridors aims to connect separated habitat patches and provide mobile channels for pollinators such as bees. Corridors can be continuous flower belts at the boundaries of farmlands, vegetation buffers on ridges, or flowering plant belts planted along roads and canals. Protect and restore semi-natural habitats in farmlands. This includes retaining forest edges, shrubs, grasslands, etc. around farmland to provide nesting sites and non-crop flower sources for bees. Diversified planting at the landscape scale. Encourage farmers to adopt intercropping, crop rotation and diversified crop layout to avoid large-scale long-term single planting. Diverse crop composition not only disperses the flowering period and prolongs the nectar supply time, but also reduces the use of continuous large-scale herbicides through different crop requirements. It is also necessary to strengthen the management of habitat corridors and patches. For example, plant local perennial flowering plants to ensure continuous flowering throughout the growing season; corridor width and plant configuration should fully consider the flight habits of bees (Piaopiao et al., 2015; Rundlöf et al., 2022). 6.3 Diversified agricultural systems and ecological management strategies for pollination services In order to protect pollinators while ensuring agricultural output, it is necessary to develop diversified and pollinator-friendly agricultural systems and comprehensively consider the maintenance of pollination services in management. Promote the concept of agricultural biodiversity, that is, introduce multiple biological elements in and around farmland to form ecological mutualism. Develop crop rotation and symbiotic systems. Avoid long-term absence of flowers in a certain season through crop rotation. For example, crop rotation with rapeseed can ensure nectar sources in different seasons. Use symbiotic systems, such as mixing flowering green manure in the orchard, to improve the soil and provide nectar for pollinating insects. Furthermore, encourage the combination of bee pollination management and agronomic measures. In addition, supporting wild pollinators is also an important part of the diversified system. Wild pollinators include bumblebees, solitary bees, and aphid flies, which make unique contributions to crop pollination under certain conditions. Implement economic incentives for pollination services. Through policies or market means, such as subsidizing farmers who adopt pollination-friendly measures and incorporating pollination services into organic certification indicators, agricultural producers are encouraged to take the initiative to create good conditions for pollinators (Faure et al., 2023). 7 Challenges and Future Research Trends in the Study of Evolutionary Adaptation of Honey Bee Populations in Agricultural Ecosystems 7.1 Limitations and challenges of current research Although research on agricultural practices and honey bee evolutionary adaptation has made some progress in recent years, there are still many limitations and challenges. For example, it is difficult to observe long-term
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