Molecular Entomology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-7 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 5 Studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between the presence of some specific genes and certain wing pattern characteristics. This genetic relationship has driven the evolution of butterfly populations to exhibit a diversity of wing patterns, thereby enhancing their ability to survive in the ecosystem. 3.4 The evolutionary advantages of wing patterns in predation and predation The evolution of butterfly wing patterns is not only related to genetic diversity, but also influenced by the dynamic balance between predation and prey. During the long evolutionary process, butterfly populations have gained the evolutionary advantage of finding a balance between predation and prey through the continuous adjustment of wing patterns (Figure 4). Figure 4 Butterflies in predation Some studies have shown that butterflies with more subtle wing patterns are more likely to avoid the attention of predators, thus improving survival rates. Conversely, some butterflies with striking colors and spots may be more likely to attract the opposite sex, improving their chances of reproductive success. This evolutionary advantage of predation and prey has enabled butterfly populations to achieve ecological balance in complex and changing ecosystems. 4 The Impact of Human Activities on Butterfly Wing Patterns 4.1 The impact of urbanization and agricultural activities Butterfly habitat loss and destruction is a serious problem caused by human urbanization and agricultural activities (Xie et al., 2019). With the increase of urban expansion and agricultural land use, the native habitats of many butterflies have suffered serious threats. Urbanization has led to the covering of large areas of land, and natural environments originally used for butterfly reproduction and foraging have been gradually replaced by concrete. Agricultural activities are also one of the important factors affecting butterfly habitats. Large-scale reclamation of agricultural land, the widespread use of chemical pesticides and the monoculture of agriculture pose a threat to the survival and breeding environment of butterflies. These activities have not only led to a reduction in plant diversity, but have also negatively affected gene flow and the evolution of wing patterns in butterfly populations. 4.2 Impact of deforestation on species diversity and wing patterns Deforestation is another important factor affecting butterfly habitats. Large-scale logging activities have led to the destruction of many butterflies' natural habitats, depriving them of their ideal habitat. Deforestation has triggered a decline in species diversity, with far-reaching effects on the gene pools of butterfly populations and the formation of wing patterns.
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