Molecular Entomology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 32-42 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 37 3.2 Impact Assessments Field performance assessments of genetically modified rice varieties have shown promising results. The multi-resistance rice (MRR) developed through transgene stacking demonstrated significantly higher yields compared to the recipient cultivar Zhonghua 11 under natural pest and disease conditions. This indicates the practical benefits of genetic modifications in enhancing rice resistance and productivity (Li et al., 2020). In another study, the Qingliu rice variety, known for its resistance to leaffolders, was found to be moderately resistant to brown planthopper as well (Figure 3). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that Qingliu activates different defense mechanisms in response to different types of herbivores, highlighting its dual resistance capabilities. This variety's performance in the field suggests that it can provide broad-spectrum resistance, which is valuable for integrated pest management (Li et al., 2021). Figure 3 Determination of key defensive mechanisms taking place in Qingliu leaves under leaffolder herbivory (Adopted from Li et al., 2021) Image caption: a GO enrichment of upregulated genes identified in Qingliu leaves in response to leaffolder herbivory. Enriched GO terms from biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF) GO categories are shown with bar length depicting enrichment significance and color intensity of bars depicting gene number. Coexpression network using b Os07g0542400, Os07g0537500, Os07g0537600, Os08g0203100 c Os02g0165100, Os05g0127300 coexpressed protein kinase genes induced by leaffolder feeding. Based on KEGG pathway annotation, genes associated with JA biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway are indicated by dotted line black and orange ellipses, respectively. Blue rimmed nodes = protein kinase genes, arrowhead nodes=genes encoding peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, hexagonal nodes = JA biosynthesis genes, square nodes = transcription factor genes, triangular nodes = germin-like protein genes. DEGs mapped to the coexpression networks are shown in red nodes for upregulation and green nodes for downregulation (Adapted from Li et al., 2021)
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