Molecular Entomology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 23-31 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 26 Figure 1 General production scheme for Diaphorina citri on Murraya paniculata plants, to rear its parasitoid Tamarixia radiata, according to the method developed at USP/ESALQ (Photo credit: Parra and Coelho et al., 2022) Image caption: The breeding process of Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata: adults lay eggs on orange jasmine plants, and the eggs develop into nymphs and adults, parasitic wasps are released to parasitize nymphs, parasitic nymphs are collected for further breeding or release in the wild (Adopted from Parra and Coelho et al., 2022) Classical biological control involves the introduction and establishment of natural enemies from the pest's native range to control invasive pests. In India, classical biological control has a long history, with significant successes in managing sugarcane pests. For instance, the introduction and colonization of parasitoids such as Trichogramma chilonis have been practiced since the early 20th century, leading to effective control of various borers and sucking pests (Parra et al., 2022). Similarly, in Brazil, the use of Cotesia flavipes, an exotic parasitoid, has been instrumental in controlling the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, across millions of hectares (Figure 2) (Aya et al., 2017). Figure 2 shows the different developmental stages of agricultural pests: the image of larva A shows that the larva is located inside the plant stem and may cause damage to the crop. The adult B image displays the adult and larval
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