Molecular Entomology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 8-17 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 14 approaches that can lead to the development of resistance by sustained overexpression of detoxifying enzymes to deal with toxic chemicals. The team of Monnot et al. (2021) conducted GWAS for plant virus resistance, analyzed general and specific issues in applying GWAS in plant virus resistance studies, explored the key steps from the assembly of diversity panels to the analysis of GWAS results, and demonstrated a variety of GWAS methods for various types of viruses based on 48 published articles (Figure 2). Figure 2 Overview of the publications of plant–virus GWAS (Monnot et al., 2021) Note: A: Number of plant-virus GWAS articles published each year; B: Proportion of plant-virus GWAS articles regarding the crop type; Other: contains publications on peanut, cassava, and yam Genomic association analysis (GWAS) is an effective genetic research method that has been widely used in insect resistance research. Through GWAS technology, key genes or gene regions associated with insect resistance can be identified, providing important genetic information for improving resistance strategies. Using advanced technological tools such as genetic variation and genomic association analysis, resistant varieties can be screened and bred more precisely, providing sustainable solutions for agricultural production. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the related research, to deeply explore the genetic diversity of insect resistance, to continuously improve the resistance improvement strategy, and to contribute more scientific power to realize the efficient, green and sustainable development of agriculture. 5 Resistance Management and Application Prospects 5.1 Application of GWAS findings to resistance management and pathogen control strategies The application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the field of insect pathogen resistance provides new ideas and methods for resistance management and pathogen control strategies. With the development of gene editing technologies, especially the CRISPR-Cas9 system, powerful tools for improving insect resistance are now available, along with new challenges for genetic resource conservation and biodiversity maintenance. The GWAS study provides a scientific basis for effective management of resistant pests by revealing the association between insect resistance and specific genetic variants. These findings can guide the development of pathogen control strategies, such as enhancing natural resistance to pathogens by breeding or screening insect populations carrying specific resistance genes.The GWAS results can also help agricultural scientists and pest management experts to identify risk factors for possible resistance decay in pest populations, so that they can adjust and optimize pest control programs in a timely manner to prolong the effectiveness of resistance traits.
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