Molecular Entomology 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 8-17 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/me 11 2.3 Association of resistance with physiological and behavioral characteristics of insects Pathogen resistance in insects is not only limited to its genetic basis, but is also strongly influenced by its physiological and behavioral characteristics. These traits are closely related to insect resistance, and together they constitute a complex set of defense mechanisms that enable insects to display amazing adaptability and resistance in the face of pathogen attack. From a physiological point of view, an insect's immune system is its first line of defense against pathogens. Immune cells and antimicrobial peptides in insects are able to respond rapidly to pathogen invasion and directly kill or inhibit pathogen growth. The metabolic pathways of insects are also closely linked to their resistance capabilities. For example, insects are able to resist or eliminate toxins from their bodies by metabolizing specific compounds that may be inhibitory to certain pathogens. Detoxification enzyme systems in insects, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, are also able to help insects detoxify, thereby enhancing their resistance to various pathogens in the environment (Figure 1). Figure 1 Correlation between resistance and insect physiological and behavioral characteristics Insect resistance is a complex trait with multiple levels and dimensions, in which physiological and behavioral traits are adapted and optimized to provide insects with additional means of defense. These adaptive behaviors and physiological responses are not only part of an insect's survival strategy, but also important mechanisms developed during its evolution to counteract environmental stresses, especially pathogen threats. An in-depth understanding of the physiological and behavioral characteristics of insects and their association with resistance is important for unraveling the mechanisms of insect disease resistance and even for developing novel pest management strategies. 3 Challenges and Limitations 3.1 Impact of sample size, genetic diversity and environmental factors on GWAS accuracy Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as a powerful genetic research tool, have made a series of breakthroughs in the field of insect pathogen resistance. However, this research method still faces a series of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODY0NQ==