Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 256-263 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 256 Feature Review Open Access Pathogen-Mosquito Interactions and Transmission Dynamics Xiaoqing Tang Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China Corresponding email: xiaoqing.tang@hibio.org Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0024 Received: 09 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 10 Oct., 2024 Published: 23 Oct., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Tang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Tang X.Q., 2024, Pathogen-mosquito interactions and transmission dynamics, Journal of Mosquito Research, 14(5): 256-263 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0024) Abstract Mosquitoes are critical vectors for the transmission of a wide range of pathogens, including viruses, parasites, and bacteria, posing significant global public health challenges. This study introduces the intricate molecular interactions between pathogens and mosquitoes, highlighting the influence of mosquito immunity, genetics, and microbiota on pathogen development and transmission efficiency. Environmental factors, particularly climate change, play a crucial role in expanding mosquito habitats and altering transmission dynamics. Novel control strategies, such as Wolbachia-based approaches and genetically modified mosquitoes, show promise in disrupting pathogen transmission and reducing disease burden. This study also emphasizes the need for integrated vector management programs, global cooperation, and policy frameworks to ensure the safe and effective implementation of innovative control methods. Future research directions include the continued exploration of molecular tools, advancements in genetic modification technologies, and an emphasis on sustainable, ecologically sound approaches to control mosquito-borne diseases. The conclusions offer insights into the future of pathogen-mosquito research, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration to mitigate the growing threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Keywords Mosquito-pathogen interactions; Transmission dynamics; Wolbachia-based control; Genetic modification; Climate change and vector control 1 Introduction Pathogen-mosquito interactions are central to the transmission dynamics of many vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Zika. These interactions are complex and can be influenced by various factors such as the genetics of the vector, the pathogen, and environmental conditions. Mosquitoes serve as vectors, carrying pathogens between hosts, with these interactions often determining transmission success. Studies show that factors like mosquito immunity, microbiota, and even co-infection with other pathogens can modulate transmission dynamics and alter the efficiency of pathogen spread (Altinli et al., 2021; Boissière et al., 2012). Understanding the transmission dynamics between pathogens and mosquitoes is critical for developing effective control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases. Transmission dynamics encompass the biological interactions between the vector, the pathogen, and the host, as well as external factors such as temperature, humidity, and land use. These dynamics dictate how efficiently pathogens spread, and thus, understanding them can inform public health interventions and modeling efforts for disease control (Ciota and Kramer, 2013; Smith et al., 2014). This study provides an in-depth analysis of the current understanding of pathogen-mosquito interactions and their transmission dynamics, exploring the genetic, environmental, and ecological factors that influence these interactions., discussing how these insights can be applied to improve control strategies for mosquito-borne diseases, special attention is given to recent developments of mosquito microbiota, pathogen co-infections, and the influence of environmental factors on transmission efficiency. 2 Biology of Mosquito Vectors 2.1 Major mosquito species involved in pathogen transmission Mosquitoes from several genera, including Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex, are responsible for transmitting a wide range of pathogens such as malaria, dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus. Anopheles mosquitoes are well known for
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