Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 237-246 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 243 7 Future Perspectives 7.1 Innovations in biological control technologies The future of mosquito control lies in the continuous innovation and development of biological control technologies. Recent advancements have shown promising results in the use of genetic manipulation and symbiotic bacteria such as Wolbachia and Asaia, which are being intensively studied as alternatives to chemical insecticides (Dahmana and Mediannikov, 2020). Additionally, the use of entomopathogenic bacteria like Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus has been highlighted for their insecticidal properties, which could be harnessed for mosquito control (Silva et al., 2020). The development of green synthesized plant-based metallic nanoparticles also presents a novel, eco-friendly approach to mosquito control, offering broad-spectrum target-specific activities against various mosquito species (Onen et al., 2020). These innovations not only provide effective mosquito control but also mitigate the issue of insecticide resistance, which has been a significant challenge in traditional mosquito control methods (Sajjad and Arif, 2019; Dahmana and Mediannikov, 2020; Singh et al., 2023). 7.2 Regulatory considerations and public acceptance The deployment of new biological control technologies must navigate a complex landscape of regulatory considerations and public acceptance. Genetic-based solutions, such as gene drives and the release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, require thorough regulatory scrutiny to ensure environmental safety and efficacy (Wang et al., 2021). Public acceptance is equally crucial, as the release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the environment can be met with resistance due to safety concerns. Effective communication and education strategies are essential to address public apprehensions and highlight the benefits of these technologies. Moreover, the regulatory framework must evolve to accommodate the rapid advancements in biotechnology, ensuring that new methods are rigorously tested and approved for safe use (Parihar et al., 2020). 7.3 Opportunities for integration with emerging mosquito control methods Integrating biological control agents with emerging mosquito control methods offers a holistic approach to vector management. Combining traditional biological control agents, such as larvivorous fish and predacious species, with modern genetic and microbial strategies can enhance the overall effectiveness of mosquito control programs (Arias-Castro et al., 2020; Eba et al., 2021). For instance, the use of Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, a natural mosquito predator, in conjunction with chemical and biological insecticides, can provide a multi-faceted approach to reducing mosquito populations (Schiller et al., 2019). Additionally, the integration of green synthesized nanoparticles with existing control measures can offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to mosquito-borne diseases (Onen et al., 2020). By leveraging the strengths of various control methods, it is possible to develop comprehensive strategies that are more resilient to resistance and adaptable to different ecological contexts (Sajjad and Arif, 2019; Wang et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2023). 8 Concluding Remarks The systematic review of biological control agents against mosquitoes reveals several promising strategies. Entomopathogenic bacteria such as Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus have shown significant insecticidal properties, making them potential candidates for mosquito control. Dragonflies and damselflies have also demonstrated high predation success on mosquito larvae, reducing larval populations by approximately 45% per day. Additionally, green nanotechnology, particularly the use of biosynthesized nanoparticles, has emerged as an effective and eco-friendly approach to combat mosquito vectors. Plant-derived compounds, including essential oils and phytochemicals, have been identified as alternative larvicidal agents with minimal environmental impact. Furthermore, invertebrate predators like backswimmers have shown high efficacy in preying on Anopheles larvae, suggesting their potential in integrated vector management programs. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological control agents into mosquito management programs. The use of entomopathogenic bacteria and biosynthesized nanoparticles offers a sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides, which are increasingly facing resistance issues. Promoting the natural predation of mosquitoes by dragonflies, damselflies, and other invertebrate predators can significantly reduce mosquito
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