Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 161-171 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 168 outbreaks, allowing for proactive measures to be taken (Pley et al., 2021). These technologies not only improve the accuracy of predictions but also facilitate the rapid dissemination of information to stakeholders, enhancing the overall response to mosquito-borne diseases. Figure 2 Website user interface (Adopted from Javaid et al., 2023) 7.4 Expanding applications to other vector-borne diseases While GIS has been extensively used for mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, its applications are expanding to other vector-borne diseases. For instance, GIS has been used to map the distribution of tick-borne Lyme borreliosis and flea-borne plague, demonstrating its versatility in vector surveillance (Eisen and Eisen, 2011). The integration of GIS with other data sources, such as environmental and climatic data, can provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the spread of various vector-borne diseases, thereby improving control strategies (Diptyanusa et al., 2020). This expansion highlights the potential of GIS to address a broader range of public health challenges. 8 Concluding Remarks Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have proven to be invaluable tools in the monitoring and control of mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. The integration of GIS with remote sensing technologies has enabled the precise mapping of mosquito breeding sites, facilitating targeted control measures and improving the efficiency of vector management programs. For instance, GIS has been used to map mosquito breeding sites in malaria-endemic areas, enhancing the strategic planning and management of control efforts. Additionally, GIS has been employed to track and predict the spread of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue and malaria, by mapping the distribution of vectors and identifying high-risk areas for transmission. The use of GIS in combination with other technologies, such as deep learning and citizen science, has further expanded the capabilities of mosquito monitoring systems, making them more scalable and effective. The application of GIS in mosquito monitoring has significant implications for public health policy. By providing detailed spatial and temporal data on mosquito populations and their habitats, GIS enables public health officials to make informed decisions about where to allocate resources and implement control measures. This targeted approach can lead to more effective and efficient use of limited resources, ultimately reducing the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases. For example, the use of GIS to map mosquito habitats in irrigation fields in Poland has led to more precise and timely aerial applications of larvicides, resulting in better control of mosquito populations
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