Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 111-123 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 113 2.2.2Aedes Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are responsible for transmitting several arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. These mosquitoes are highly adaptable and can thrive in urban environments, making them significant vectors for these diseases (Jones et al., 2020b). 2.2.3Culex Culex mosquitoes are the primary vectors of West Nile virus and other encephalitis-causing viruses. They are widely distributed and can be found in both urban and rural areas. Culex mosquitoes are known for their role in transmitting diseases that affect both humans and animals (Weaver et al., 2018; Mbanzulu et al., 2020). In conclusion, understanding the epidemiological patterns of mosquito-borne diseases and the mosquito species involved is crucial for developing effective control and prevention strategies (Agboli et al., 2021). Continued research and surveillance are essential to mitigate the impact of these diseases on global public health. 3 Global Epidemiological Patterns 3.1 Geographic distribution of mosquito-borne diseases Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, malaria, and West Nile virus are distributed globally, with significant variations in their prevalence across different regions (Figure 1). The distribution of these diseases is largely influenced by the presence of competent mosquito vectors, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which thrive in tropical and subtropical climates (Liu et al., 2020). In Europe, for instance, these diseases are mostly imported, but the presence of suitable vectors and climatic conditions makes the region susceptible to outbreaks (Moutinho et al., 2022). The spread of these vectors is facilitated by human movement and urbanization, which create favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and disease transmission (Kraemer et al., 2019). Figure 1 Number of studies by vectors caused by mosquitoes (Adopted from Moutinho et al., 2022) Image caption: DENV=Dengue, CHIKV=Chikungunya, WNV=West Nile Virus, ZIKV=Zika, RVFV=Rift Valley fever virus (Adopted from Moutinho et al., 2022) The research of Moutinho et al. (2022) presents the number of studies conducted on various mosquito-borne diseases globally and across different regions, with a focus on Europe and specific European countries. The global research landscape shows a high number of studies, particularly on Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Malaria, indicating the significant global health burden posed by these diseases. In Europe, Italy leads in research efforts, followed by Germany and Spain, with a similar focus on DENV, CHIKV, and Malaria. The chart highlights the regional variation in research emphasis, with some countries like the United Kingdom and Sweden
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