Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 147-160 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 147 Feature Review Open Access Life Cycle Dynamics of Mosquitoes Under Varied Environmental Conditions Yaqiong Liu, Xiaofeng Yang Tropical Animal Resources Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572000, Hainan, China Corresponding author: xiaofeng.yang@hitar.org Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0015 Received: 09 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 20 May, 2024 Published: 13 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Liu and Yang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Liu Y.Q., and Yang X.F., 2024, Life cycle dynamics of mosquitoes under varied environmental conditions, Journal of Mosquito Research, 14(3): 147-160 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0015) Abstract This study explores the life cycle dynamics of mosquitoes under varied environmental conditions, focusing on how factors such as temperature, humidity, water quality, and habitat types influence mosquito development, survival rates, and population dynamics. Key findings reveal that higher temperatures can accelerate mosquito development but also increase mortality rates, while moderate humidity levels favor mosquito survival and activity. Water quality and habitat types significantly impact mosquito reproduction and development. Mosquitoes' adaptation strategies to environmental changes, including genetic, behavioral, and physiological adaptations, demonstrating their high responsiveness to temperature fluctuations and habitat changes. Climate change, particularly changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, profoundly impacts mosquito life cycles and distribution. Unique insights from the case studies in tropical, temperate, and urban versus rural environments provide a comprehensive understanding of how specific environmental conditions influence mosquito populations. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of mosquito life cycle dynamics that can aid in the development of more effective vector control strategies. Keywords Mosquito life cycle; Environmental conditions; Climate change; Genetic adaptation; Vector control 1 Introduction Mosquitoes, belonging to the family Culicidae, are ubiquitous insects found in nearly every region of the world, except Antarctica. They undergo a holometabolous life cycle, which includes four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. This life cycle is completed in two different environments: aquatic for the egg, larval, and pupal stages, and terrestrial for the adult stage (Abd, 2020). The larvae, commonly known as wigglers, pass through four instars, each resembling the previous one but increasing in size (Foster and Walker, 2002). The adult mosquitoes, particularly females, are known vectors for various pathogens, making them significant in public health contexts (Foster and Walker, 2002; Abd, 2020). Understanding the life cycle dynamics of mosquitoes is crucial for effective vector control and disease management. Each life stage presents unique vulnerabilities and opportunities for intervention. For instance, the genetic diversity and connectivity between mosquito populations can vary significantly between life stages, which has implications for targeted management strategies (Reed et al., 2022). Additionally, the longevity and survival rates of the aquatic stages directly influence the production of adult mosquitoes, thereby affecting disease transmission intensity (Bayoh et al., 2004). Knowledge of these dynamics can inform the development of predictive models and early warning systems for mosquito-borne diseases (Bayoh et al., 2004; Grech et al., 2015). Environmental factors such as temperature, water quality, and habitat characteristics play a significant role in the development and survival of mosquitoes. Temperature, for example, affects the duration of larval and pupal stages, with optimal survival temperatures differing from those that promote the quickest development (Bayoh et al., 2004; Grech et al., 2015). Water's physicochemical properties, including pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, also influence mosquito assemblages and the abundance of specific species like Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Ceretti-Junior and Marrelli, 2020; David et al., 2021). Furthermore, the presence of organic matter and container volume in larval habitats can impact the density and body size of emerging adults, which are critical factors in disease transmission risk (David et al., 2021; Bastos et al., 2022).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODY0NQ==