Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 111-123 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 111 Review Article Open Access Epidemiological Patterns of Mosquito-Borne Diseases Globally Guanli Fu Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China Corresponding email: guanli.fu@hibio.org Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0012 Received: 01 Mar., 2024 Accepted: 11 Apr., 2024 Published: 01 May, 2024 Copyright © 2024 Fu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Fu G.L., 2024, Epidemiological patterns of mosquito-borne diseases globally, Journal of Mosquito Research, 14(3): 111-123 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0012) Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases represent a significant global health threat, impacting millions of people annually. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological patterns of mosquito-borne diseases worldwide, focusing on malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, yellow fever, and West Nile virus. It examines the primary mosquito species involved, including Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex, and explores the geographic distribution, seasonal variations, and the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on disease prevalence. Additionally, the research delves into the life cycle and vector competence of mosquitoes, the impact on public health through morbidity and mortality rates, and the economic burden on healthcare systems. Prevention and control strategies are discussed, with a focus on vector control methods, vaccination, medical interventions, and community-based initiatives. Case studies on malaria control in Sub-Saharan Africa and dengue outbreak management in Southeast Asia illustrate successful intervention strategies. This study concludes by addressing challenges such as insecticide resistance, the impact of climate change, and the need for innovative disease management approaches, providing recommendations for future research and global health policy implications. Keywords Mosquito-borne diseases; Vector control; Epidemiology; Public health; Disease management 1 Introduction Mosquito-borne diseases represent a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of people annually and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. These diseases, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, include dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile fever, and yellow fever, among others (Paixão et al., 2017). The epidemiological patterns of these diseases are influenced by a complex interplay of environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic factors, which vary across different regions of the world. Mosquito-borne diseases have been a persistent threat to human health for centuries, but their impact has intensified in recent decades due to factors such as increased global travel, urbanization, and climate change. Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, for instance, have seen a dramatic rise in incidence and geographic spread, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions (Brugueras et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020). These diseases are not only a burden due to their direct health impacts but also because of their potential to cause large-scale outbreaks, which can overwhelm healthcare systems and lead to significant economic losses (Guarner and Hale, 2019). The Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary vectors for many of these arboviruses. Their widespread distribution and adaptability to urban environments make them particularly effective at transmitting diseases (Jones et al., 2020b). The epidemiology of these diseases is further complicated by factors such as temperature, humidity, and socioeconomic conditions, which influence mosquito distribution, development, and virus transmission dynamics (Benelli and Mehlhorn, 2016; Jones et al., 2020b). This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological patterns of mosquito-borne diseases globally, with a focus on the factors that influence their transmission and spread. By synthesizing findings from recent studies, this study elucidates the key drivers of these diseases and identify gaps in current knowledge that warrant further research. The scope includes an examination of the environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic
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