Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 100-110 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 106 of biocontrol agents, such as natural predators and pathogens, provides an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. The novel toxin Epp from Bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to mosquitoes and Spodoptera litura larvae, offering a chemical insecticide alternative for controlling forestry pests and mosquitoes (Zhou et al., 2020). Biological IPM methods, utilizing natural agents to manage pests and weeds in rice production systems, show potential for broader agricultural applications (Fahad et al., 2021). These strategies not only help control mosquito habitats but also promote biodiversity and ecological balance in agricultural ecosystems. Figure 2 The concept of Evolutionary Integrated Pest Management (Adopted from Green et al., 2020) 5.4 Policy recommendations and community involvement Effective policy recommendations and community involvement are crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable pest management practices. Policies should focus on promoting the adoption of IPM and other sustainable practices by providing incentives funding research and facilitating knowledge transfer between researchers and farmers (Baker et al., 2020; Deguine et al., 2021), Engaging local communities in pest management efforts through education and awareness programs can enhance the understanding and acceptance of sustainable practices. Community involvement is particularly important in urban ecosystems where the management of pests including mosquitoes requires coordinated efforts to minimize health risks and environmental impacts (Zhu et al., 2016), By fostering collaboration between policymakers researchers and communities it is possible to develop and implement effective strategies for managing mosquito habitats and promoting sustainable agriculture.
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