Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 87-99 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 95 7.3 Strategies for integrated mosquito management Integrated mosquito management (IMM) strategies are essential for controlling mosquito populations and reducing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The emergence of insecticide resistance poses a significant challenge to traditional vector control methods. A study on Aedes aegypti populations in Cabo Verde demonstrated the utility of targeted amplicon sequencing to monitor insecticide resistance mutations, providing a rapid and cost-effective tool for informing control strategies (Collins et al., 2022). The use of mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses, such as the novel densovirus AalDV-7, offers a promising alternative to chemical pesticides, with potential applications in biological control programs (Li et al., 2019). Furthermore, metatranscriptomic sequencing of individual mosquitoes can identify vectors, emerging pathogens, and reservoirs in a single assay, providing comprehensive data to support public health surveillance and intervention decisions (Batson et al., 2020). By integrating accurate species identification, phylogenetic insights, and innovative control strategies, public health programs can enhance their effectiveness in managing mosquito populations and mitigating the impact of mosquito-borne diseases. 8 Technological Advances and Future Directions 8.1 Innovations in identification technologies (CRISPR, AI, etc.) Recent advancements in mosquito species identification have leveraged cutting-edge technologies such as CRISPR and artificial intelligence (AI). CRISPR technology has been instrumental in gene editing, allowing for precise modifications that can help in understanding mosquito genetics and potentially controlling vector populations. AI, on the other hand, has been utilized to enhance the accuracy of species identification through image recognition and machine learning algorithms. For instance, wing geometric morphometrics combined with AI has shown high accuracy in identifying mosquito species, even in cases where traditional morphological methods fail due to damaged specimens or cryptic species complexes (Souza et al., 2020). Additionally, the use of mitochondrial DNA barcoding has proven effective in accurately identifying mosquito species, as demonstrated in studies conducted in Thailand (Chaiphongpachara et al., 2022) and India (Anoopkumar et al., 2019). These innovations are paving the way for more reliable and efficient mosquito identification methods, which are crucial for vector control and disease prevention. 8.2 Future trends in phylogenetic research The field of phylogenetic research is evolving with the integration of advanced genomic sequencing technologies and sophisticated analytical tools. High-throughput genomic sequencing has enabled detailed analyses of evolutionary patterns in mosquito genes and genomes, providing insights into speciation and taxonomic radiation (Aardema et al., 2020). Mitogenome-based phylogenetic studies have revealed significant evolutionary relationships and divergence times within the Culicidae family, highlighting the impact of historical events such as the emergence of angiosperms and the expansion of mammals and birds on mosquito diversification (Chen et al., 2023). Future trends in phylogenetic research will likely focus on integrating multi-locus data and employing Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods to resolve ambiguous relationships among mosquito clades (Lorenz et al., 2021; Munawar et al., 2020). These approaches will enhance our understanding of mosquito evolution and inform strategies for vector control and disease mitigation. 8.3 Potential for integrating multi-omics approaches The integration of multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, holds great potential for advancing mosquito research. These approaches can provide a comprehensive understanding of mosquito biology, from gene expression and protein function to metabolic pathways. For example, the application of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has allowed for the simultaneous assessment of host and viral RNA in mosquito specimens, improving our understanding of mosquito-virus interactions (Koh et al., 2023). Additionally, the study of the virome of Aedes mosquitoes has uncovered a diverse array of insect-specific viruses, which can influence mosquito susceptibility to arbovirus infections (Parry et al., 2021). By combining data from various omics platforms, researchers can gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying mosquito
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