Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 76-86 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 76 Systematic Review Open Access Functional Genomics of Mosquito Vector Competence and Pathogen Transmission Zixuan Zhao Puji Biotechnology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd., Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 17858512736@163.com Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.2 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0009 Received: 16 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 26 Feb., 2024 Published: 16 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhao, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhao Z.X., 2024, Functional genomics of mosquito vector competence and pathogen transmission, Journal of Mosquito Research, 14(2): 76-86 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0009) Abstract The primary objective of this study is to provide an in-depth overview of the functional genomics that underlie mosquito vector competence and the transmission of pathogens. The study integrates recent advancements and systematic analyses to elucidate the complex genetic and biochemical interactions that define how mosquitoes interact with and transmit pathogens. We highlight key genetic determinants of vector competence, demonstrating how specific genes and genomic configurations influence the ability of mosquitoes to acquire, sustain, and transmit a range of pathogens. The interactions between mosquito vectors and pathogens are explored, with an emphasis on how these relationships are mediated by genetic factors and influenced by external environmental conditions. Additionally, the study discusses the role of advanced genomic technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference (RNAi), and high-throughput sequencing, which have been pivotal in dissecting these interactions and developing potential vector control strategies. Overall, the findings presented in this study enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning pathogen transmission by mosquitoes and lay the groundwork for future research aimed at disrupting these processes to reduce the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. Keywords Mosquito vector competence; Pathogen transmission; Functional genomics; Genetic determinants; Genomic technologies Mosquito-borne diseases represent a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people annually. Diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and Chikungunya are transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly species like Aedes aegypti and Anopheles spp. These pathogens impose a growing burden on public health systems worldwide, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality (Baldon et al., 2022). The ability of mosquitoes to transmit these pathogens is a critical factor in the epidemiology of these diseases, making the study of mosquito vector competence essential. Vector competence refers to the intrinsic ability of a mosquito to acquire, maintain, and transmit a pathogen. This concept is crucial for understanding disease transmission dynamics, as it influences the efficiency and rate at which diseases spread within populations. Factors affecting vector competence include genetic variations, environmental conditions, and interactions between the mosquito and the pathogen (Baldon et al., 2022; Collins et al., 2022). For instance, the development of immunocompromised animal models, such as the AG129 mouse, has provided valuable insights into the transmission cycles of arboviruses, highlighting the importance of vector competence in disease propagation (Baldon et al., 2022). This study aims to explore the functional genomics of mosquito vector competence and pathogen transmission. By focusing on genomic approaches, we seek to understand the genetic determinants that influence vector competence and identify potential targets for intervention. The study will cover recent advancements in genome sequencing technologies, such as targeted amplicon sequencing, which have facilitated the identification of mutations associated with insecticide resistance in mosquito populations (Collins et al., 2022). Through this comprehensive analysis, we expect to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vector competence and offer insights into novel strategies for controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
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