Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-48 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 45 The experiment showed that after being injected with Wolbachia, the dengue fever virus load in these mosquitoes significantly decreased, and the virus transmission ability decreased. Wolbachia also affects the reproductive ability of mosquitoes, which can prevent non bacterial mosquitoes from reproducing normally through cytoplasmic incompatibility, gradually increasing the proportion of mosquitoes carrying bacteria in natural populations. The strategy of using microorganisms to control mosquito borne diseases provides a new approach for global public health. The microbial control methods represented by Wolbachia have achieved significant results in experiments and practices in multiple countries, demonstrating enormous potential. However, in the promotion process, attention still needs to be paid to issues such as public awareness, ecological risks, and technical details to ensure that this strategy can truly benefit people in more regions around the world and help us better cope with the challenges posed by mosquito borne diseases. 7 Research Challenges and Future Directions 7.1 Limitations of existing research Despite some notable advances in the study of microbial-mosquito behavioral relationships, there are still some limitations in the existing research that affect the overall understanding of this complex ecosystem. Existing studies have focused on certain mosquito species and specific environmental conditions, while relatively few studies have been conducted on microbe-mosquito relationships in different regions, seasons, and species. Mosquito-microbe interactions may vary across geographies and ecosystems, and more extensive studies are needed to reveal these differences. Most studies of microbe-mosquito behavioral relationships are short-term laboratory studies that lack long-term, large-scale field observations. Long-term observations can help to better understand the cumulative effects, seasonal variations, and long-term adaptations of microbes on mosquito behavior. For the life cycle of mosquitoes and the dynamics of microorganisms, long-term studies can provide more comprehensive data support. Current studies have mostly focused on the micro level and less on integrating the overall ecosystem factors. Microbial-mosquito interactions are influenced by many environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, vegetation, and other biological communities. Considering these factors in an integrated manner will help predict the relationship between microbes and mosquito behavior more accurately. 7.2 Unanswered questions about the relationship between microbes and mosquito behavior Although many studies have revealed the direct and indirect effects of microorganisms on mosquito behavior, there are still some unanswered questions that need to be answered by future studies (Yang and Yang, 2021). Little is known about how specific microorganisms finely regulate the life cycle of mosquitoes. For example, some microorganisms may have an impact by influencing the reproductive success, longevity, and feeding habits of mosquitoes. Understanding how these microbes regulate specific physiological processes in mosquitoes will provide the basis for more precise mosquito control. There may be time-scale differences in the relationship between microbes and mosquito behavior, including rapid responses over short periods of time and adaptive changes over long time scales. The current understanding of these time-scale effects is relatively limited, and future research needs to more fully account for temporal factors. In mosquito populations, there may be differences between individuals, including genetic differences and behavioral differences. These individual differences may affect how they interact with microbes, but there is currently a relative lack of individualized research on mosquito individual differences and microbial interactions. Future research needs to focus more on the effects of individual differences on the relationship between microbes and mosquito behavior.
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