Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-48 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 44 Figure 5 Relative abundance plot for microbial clades strongly associated with males from a specificswarm (swarm 2.3) (Segata et al., 2016) 6.3 Case three: potential of using microorganisms to control mosquito borne diseases Mosquitoes, as vectors of disease transmission, cause millions of people to contract various diseases every year, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika virus infections. Especially Aedes aegypti and Anopheles mosquitoes, which are the main carriers of yellow fever and malaria, respectively. In recent years, scientists have been searching for safer and more effective ways to reduce the spread of these diseases. The potential of using microorganisms to control mosquito borne diseases has become a research hotspot, as this method relies less on chemical insecticides and can reduce environmental impact while avoiding mosquito resistance. Gao's research team implemented intervention measures in 2019: strategies explored include the use of genetically modified symbiotes and technologies targeting mosquito microbiota. The method includes releasing bacteria carrying blocking pathogens such as Wolbachia in mosquitoes, which significantly reduces the mosquito's ability to transmit viruses (Gao et al., 2019). A prominent example in this regard is the use of Wolbachia, an endophytic bacterium, to intervene in the transmission ability of mosquitoes. Wolbachia can be found in various insects, but it is not commonly found in Anopheles or Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under natural conditions. Researchers introduced Wolbachia into these mosquitoes through laboratory technology, hoping to block the spread of pathogens by affecting the mosquito's reproductive system. The specific experimental method includes injecting Wolbachia bacteria into mosquito embryos through microinjection in the laboratory, so that they can carry this bacteria during the adult stage. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes treated with Wolbachia exhibit a characteristic of reducing virus transmission ability.
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