Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-48 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 43 mosquitoes is influenced by various biological factors, among which the role of microorganisms has received widespread attention from researchers in recent years. This study selected Aedes aegypti, a mosquito with yellow fever, as the research object. This mosquito is not only the main carrier of yellow fever, but also can transmit various viruses such as dengue fever and Zika virus. In the natural environment, the gut microbiota of these mosquitoes includes but is not limited to lactobacilli, enterobacteria, etc. These microorganisms have been proven to affect mosquito reproductive behavior by affecting their hormone levels. Figure 4 Bar plots of mean read counts calibrated using spike-in calibration to microbial load (SCML) across developmental stages for each treatment group (Frankel Bricker et al., 2019) Note: Comparative analyses show larger bacterial loads in larvae than in adults for both groups; error bars indicate standard error (n = 42); statistical differences were calculated with a linear mixed model (*: P < 0.05) Segata et al. (2016) found that the reproductive tracts of two main malaria transmission vectors, Anopheles gambiae and Culex mosquitoes An. coluzzii, contain complex microbial communities (Figure 5), including bacteria such as Spiroplasma, which can manipulate insect reproduction and potentially affect the transmission of malaria (Segata et al., 2016). This graph shows the relative abundance of four different microbial groups (Shewanella, Rhodococcaceae, Pseudomonas, Azospira) in different sample types and geographical locations. The horizontal axis indicates the sampling location (VK5, Soumousso, VK7) and sampling time point, while the vertical axis represents relative abundance. The colors in the legend represent different sample types, including ovaries, lower reproductive tract, male accessory glands, testes, as well as two mosquito species (A. gambiae and A. coluzzii). There are significant differences in the abundance of different microbial groups among the samples. For example, Pseudomonas has a higher relative abundance in male accessory glands and lower reproductive tract, while Azospira has a lower relative abundance in all samples. In addition, geographical location and sample type also have a significant impact on the relative abundance of microbial communities. For example, Shewanella has a higher relative abundance in the VK5 sample, while Rhodococcaceae is more abundant in the Soumousso sample. This chart visually presents the ecological distribution differences of different microbial groups in different geographical locations and sample types. These results indicate that gut microbiota significantly enhances mosquito reproductive activity by influencing hormone levels or other physiological mechanisms. Possible mechanisms include metabolic products produced by microorganisms affecting the levels of sex hormones in mosquitoes or altering their behavior to stimulate hormone expression. This discovery is of great significance for understanding the biology and control strategies of mosquitoes.
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