Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 18-25 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 23 Figure 5 compares the replication and transmission efficiency of wild-type Zika virus (ZIKV) in its ancestral hosts (rhesus monkeys) and new hosts (squirrel monkeys). In both hosts, ZIKV demonstrated robust replication capabilities and effectively transmitted to Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The blue line represents the average viremia levels, the blue band represents the standard error, and the black dots represent individual viral viremia data for each monkey. The bar charts show the average percentage of mosquitoes infected by each monkey, with error bars representing standard error. In the illustrations for rhesus monkeys, the dynamics of viral replication and transmission within the viremia window period are revealed. Transmission was monitored by feeding 15 uninfected mosquitoes to each monkey, with typically fewer than 15 mosquitoes feeding. Figure 5 Replication and transmission of sylvatic Zika virus (ZIKV) is similar in native (cynomologus macaque) and novel (squirrel monkey) hosts Figure 6 demonstrates scenarios where the novel host exhibits higher efficiency in transmitting Zika virus (ZIKV) to mosquitoes compared to the ancestral host. In Chart A, dark blue represents squirrel monkeys and light blue represents rhesus monkeys, with the size of the data points proportional to the number of mosquitoes tested, showing the relationship between serum viral titers and the probability of ZIKV transmission to the legs of Aedes mosquitoes. Charts B to E compare the ZIKV data (blue lines) of these two primate hosts with different serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV) transmitted to the legs of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from human hosts. The shown curves are the best fits, with the shaded area representing the 95% confidence interval of the fitting process. These model analyses reveal that the novel host, squirrel monkeys, have a stronger ability to transmit ZIKV to mosquitoes compared to human hosts, providing valuable insights into how the virus transmits between different hosts. 2 Analysis of Research Findings This study provides new insights into the replication of Dengue virus (DENV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in monkey hosts and their relationship with mosquito transmission. It was found that ZIKV can achieve higher levels of replication in monkey hosts, closely associated with its high transmission rate in mosquitoes, suggesting ZIKV's strong potential for transmission, which helps establish stable transmission cycles in new host populations. In contrast, the lower replication efficiency of DENV-2 may limit its ability to spread through mosquitoes in the wild. Understanding these differences in viral behavior, particularly in terms of replication and transmission
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