Journal of Mosquito Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 18-25 http://emtoscipublisher.com/index.php/jmr 18 Scientific Review Open Access Comparative Analysis of Dengue and Zika Virus Transmissibility in Primates JiaXuan Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China Corresponding author email: cherryjxuan@gmail.com Journal of Mosquito Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0003 Received: 27 Mar., 2024 Accepted: 01 Apr., 2024 Published: 05 Apr., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Xuan, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Xuan J., 2024, Comparative analysis of dengue and zika virus transmissibility in primates, Journal of Mosquito Research, 14(1): 18-25 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2024.14.0003) The paper "Trade-offs shaping transmission of sylvatic dengue and Zika viruses in monkey hosts" authored by Kathryn A. Hanley, Hélène Cecilia, Sasha R. Azar, et al., was published in Nature Communications on March 27, 2024. The authors are affiliated with Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical School, among other institutions. This study explores the factors affecting the transmission of Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in monkey hosts. By experimentally infecting Asian ancestral host species (rhesus monkeys) and a New World host species (squirrel monkeys), the study investigated viral replication, innate and adaptive immune responses (natural killer cells and neutralizing antibodies), and transmission to mosquitoes. Results show that ZIKV reached high titers in both hosts and translated to high mosquito transmission rates; in contrast, DENV-2 had lower replication levels, with transmission occurring only when serum viral titers were below or near the detection limit. The study reveals the immune-mediated trade-offs between the duration and intensity of viral replication. 1 Experimental Data Analysis This study investigates the replication and transmission capabilities of DENV-2 and ZIKV in hosts, finding that ZIKV can achieve high replication levels in hosts, closely associated with higher mosquito transmission rates. In contrast, DENV-2 has lower replication levels in hosts. Additionally, the study points out that the activity of natural killer (NK) cells is related to ZIKV replication levels and DENV-2 antibody levels, highlighting the role of host immune responses in virus transmission. The experiments also detailed the animal models, virus strains, and mosquito species used, ensuring the study's replicability and providing a reliable experimental framework for future research. These findings offer important insights into understanding virus transmission mechanisms and developing prevention and control strategies. Figure 1 presents the experimental design and subsequent sample collection process for infections with Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in rhesus monkeys and squirrel monkeys. The experiment monitored not only viremia and natural killer (NK) cell counts but also measured neutralizing antibodies via the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT), along with body temperature recorded by implanted sensors in the monkeys and body weight measured on specific days. The infection and monitoring process for both rhesus and squirrel monkeys were largely the same, with a few differences: for instance, the number of uninfected Aedes mosquitoes used for monitoring transmission was 10 for the DENV-2 infected rhesus monkeys and control groups, increased to 15 for the ZIKV infected rhesus monkeys and all squirrel monkeys; fecal collection for occult blood screening was conducted daily in rhesus monkeys but not in squirrel monkeys due to pair housing; additionally, at the end of the experiment, squirrel monkeys were euthanized and dissected, while rhesus monkeys were not. These meticulously documented experimental procedures provide strict experimental conditions for further data analysis.
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