International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 153-162 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 16 1 response mechanism should be improved. On the one hand, reduce the occurrence of new invasion incidents; on the other hand, carry out ecological restoration in the invaded areas to minimize their impact. Future research directions include: in-depth analysis of the black fish genome to identify key adaptation genes, assessment of the feasibility of new technologies such as gene drives in black fish control, and comprehensive evaluation of the long-term impact of invasive black fish on local biological communities and ecological functions, etc. These tasks will provide us with a more complete knowledge system and guide practical management. Acknowledgments We sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and targeted suggestions for revising the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Britton J.R., Cucherousset J., Davies G.D., Godard M.J., and Copp G.H., 2010, Non-native fishes and climate change: predicting species responses to warming temperatures in a temperate region, Freshwater Biology, 55(5): 1130-1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02396.x Britton J.R., Gozlan R.E., and Copp G.H., 2011, Managing non-native fish in the environment, Fish and Fisheries, 12(3): 256-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00390.x Bock D.G., Caseys C., Cousens R.D., Hahn M.A., Heredia S.M., Hübner S., Turner K., Whitney K., and Rieseberg L.H., 2016, What we still don’t know about invasion genetics, In Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, 2016: 346-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119072799.ch20 Conte-Grand C., Britz R., Dahanukar N., Raghavan R., Pethiyagoda R., Tan H.H., Hadiaty R., Yaakob N., and Rüber L., 2017, Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) revisited: discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions, PLoS One, 12(9): e0184017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184017 Cristescu M.E., 2016, Genetic reconstructions of invasion history, In Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, 2016: 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119072799.ch15 Duong T.Y., Uy S., Chheng P., So N., Tran T.H.T., Nguyen N.T.T., Pomeroy R., and Egna H., 2019, Genetic diversity and structure of striped snakehead (Channa striata) in the Lower Mekong Basin: implications for aquaculture and fisheries management, Fisheries Research, 218: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.05.014 Early R., Bradley B.A., Dukes J.S., Lawler J.J., Olden J.D., Blumenthal D.M., Gonzalez P., Grosholz E., Ibáñez I., Miller L., Sorte C., and Tatem A.J., 2016, Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities, Nature Communications, 7(1): 12485. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12485 Evers H., Pinnegar J., and Taylor M., 2019, Where are they all from? Sources and sustainability in the ornamental freshwater fish trade, Journal of Fish Biology, 94(6): 909-916. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13930 Gozlan R.E., Britton J.R., Cowx I., and Copp G.H., 2010, Current knowledge on non-native freshwater fish introductions, Journal of Fish Biology, 76(4): 751–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02566.x Harrington L.A., Mookerjee A., Kalita M., Saikia A., Macdonald D.W., and D’Cruze N., 2022, Risks associated with the global demand for novel exotic pets: a new and emerging trade in snakehead fish (Channa spp.) from India, Biological Conservation, 265: 109377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109377 Herborg L.M., Mandrak N.E., Cudmore B.C., and MacIsaac H.J., 2007, Comparative distribution and invasion risk of snakehead (Channidae) and Asian carp (Cyprinidae) species in North America, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64(12): 1723-1735. https://doi.org/10.1139/f07-130 Lapointe N., Thorson J., and Angermeier P., 2010, Seasonal meso- and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River system, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 19: 566-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00437.x Li K.C., Shieh B.S., Chiu Y.W., Huang D.J., and Liang S.H., 2016, Growth, diet composition and reproductive biology of the invasive freshwater fish chevron snakehead Channa striata on a subtropical island, Zoological Studies, 55: e53. Liu H., Zhang J., Cui T., Xia W., Luo Q., Fei S., Zhu X., Chen K., Zhao J., and Ou M., 2024, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis reveal male heterogametic sex-determining regions and candidate genes in northern snakeheads (Channa argus), International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(20): 10889. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010889
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