International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 111-122 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 120 Species protection under the background of climate change needs to refer to evolutionary adaptation information. Genomic research can be used to predict the vulnerability of Spanish mackerel to future environments. Dahlke et al. (2020) proposed the concept of "thermal adaptation gap" to assess the risk of fish to climate warming, that is, the bottleneck of sensitivity to temperature at a certain stage of life history. If genomic data can reveal that Spanish mackerel lacks sufficient genetic coping ability in this link, conservation actions should be taken as soon as possible. From the perspective of ecosystem management, maintaining the adaptive potential of top predators such as Spanish mackerel is positive for the entire marine ecology. Whether Spanish mackerel can continue to adapt to changes will affect its predator-prey relationship and competitive relationship with other species, thereby affecting the stability of the ecological network. Acknowledgments Thanks to the reviewers for their reading and revision suggestions. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Alrashada Y., 2022, Growth, mortality and exploitation status of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson in Saudi Arabian Gulf waters, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2022: 235121. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2022.235121 Andersson L., Bekkevold D., Berg F., Farrell E., Felkel S., Ferreira M., Fuentes-Pardo A., Goodall J., and Pettersson M., 2024, How fish population genomics can promote sustainable fisheries: a road map, Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 12(1): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-102933 Balding D., and Beaumont M., 2004, Identifying adaptive genetic divergence among populations from genome scans, Molecular Ecology, 13(4): 969-980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02125.x Bayona-Vásquez N., Domínguez-Domínguez O., Díaz-Jaimes P., Uribe-Alcocer M., and Glenn T., 2017, Mitochondrial genomes of the Pacific sierra mackerel Scomberomorus sierra and the Monterey Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus concolor (Perciformes: Scombridae), Conservation Genetics Resources, 10: 471-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0851-9 Ciezarek A., Savolainen V., Gardner L., and Block B., 2020, Skeletal muscle and cardiac transcriptomics of a regionally endothermic fish, the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis, BMC Genomics, 21: 642. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07058-z Chen J., Shao J., Nie L., Fei C., Zhao Z., Wu X., and Zhu T., 2025, Palmitoylation-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in teleosts highlights evolutionary divergence in immune regulation, Zoological Research, 46: 3-14. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.409 Dahlke F.T., Wohlrab S., Butzin M., and Pörtner H.O., 2020, Thermal bottlenecks in the life cycle define climate vulnerability of fish, Science, 369(6499): 65-70. Fatemi S., Kaymaram F., Mohammadi G., Hoolihan J., and Niamaimandi N., 2017, Contribution to the feeding habits and reproductive biology of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1801) (Teleostei: Scombridae) in the northern Persian Gulf, Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4: 162-170. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJI.V4I2.215 Fauvelot C., and Borsa P., 2011, Patterns of genetic isolation in a widely distributed pelagic fish, the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 104: 886-902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01754.x Feutry P., Foster S., Grewe P.M., Aulich J., Lansdell M., Clear N., Cooper S., Williams A., Johnson G., Dilrukshi T., Shahid U., Ahusan M., Lestari P., Taufik M., Priatna A., Zamroni A., Usmani H., Farley J., Murua H., Marsac F., and Davies C.R., 2025, Genome scans reveal extensive population structure in three neritic tuna and tuna-like species in the Indian Ocean, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 82(2): fsae162. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae162 Foll M., and Gaggiotti O., 2008, A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective, Genetics, 180: 977-993. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.108.092221 Gao Y., Liu S., Gutang Q., et al., 2024, Chromosome-level genome assembly of Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus), Scientific Data, 11(1): 1224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04110-5
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