International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 101-110 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 108 public training can be carried out to improve people's skills in getting along safely with snakes, emergency response mechanisms can be established to scientifically resolve human-snake conflicts, and cultural power and community participation can be used. Through education and publicity and the improvement of conflict handling mechanisms, human harm and retaliation against snakes can be greatly reduced, and the public can gradually change from "fearing and hating snakes" to "understanding and protecting snakes." Only when the public truly understands and supports snake protection actions can this work be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and last for a long time. 6.4 Scientific research and monitoring system construction Strengthening scientific research and monitoring related to snakes plays a key role in formulating effective protection strategies and evaluating protection results. For a long time, snakes have been studied less than birds and mammals because they are difficult to find and catch (Wang et al., 2025). By conducting snake resource and threat surveys, establishing a regular monitoring system, strengthening scientific research capacity building and research projects, and applying research and monitoring results to management decisions, a systematic monitoring system can be established to make up for the lack of data and improve the scientific basis for protection. A complete monitoring system is the "early warning aircraft" and "compass" for snake protection, which can detect problems, guide actions, and ensure that protection work is always based on reliable data and scientific basis. 7 Concluding Remarks Human activities pose serious threats to snake diversity in many ways. Habitat destruction has led to a continuous reduction in the living space of snakes, forced isolation of populations, and many species are on the verge of extinction. Environmental pollution accumulates through the food chain, directly damaging the health and reproductive capacity of snakes. Illegal hunting and trade activities directly reduce the number of snake populations and destroy their genetic diversity. At the same time, climate change and invasive alien species have further exacerbated the survival pressure of snakes, changing their habitats and introducing new competitors. These threats often overlap with each other, forming a "multi-threat dilemma", leading to a continuous decline in global snake diversity. Since snakes generally receive little public attention, their population decline is often difficult to detect in time, which brings additional challenges to conservation work. In response to the severe situation of snake conservation, a systematic conservation strategy is needed. The first task is to strengthen habitat protection and restoration, and provide snakes with sufficient living space by establishing a network of nature reserves and ecological corridors. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly control various threat factors, improve laws and regulations to combat illegal trade, and promote environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Public education and community participation are also crucial. Through popular science propaganda, misunderstandings can be eliminated and the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and snakes can be cultivated. In addition, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific research, use modern technical means to strengthen monitoring, and develop key technologies such as artificial breeding to provide scientific support for conservation practices. These measures require the joint efforts of governments, scientific research institutions and community organizations to form a long-term protection mechanism. Looking to the future, with the improvement of global ecological protection awareness, snake protection is expected to make significant progress. A scientifically planned protected area system will cover more key habitats and effectively maintain snake populations. In-depth public education will significantly reduce human-snake conflicts, while technological advances will provide new tools and methods for conservation work. As an important part of the ecosystem, the effectiveness of snake protection is directly related to the achievement of global biodiversity goals. Through continuous scientific management and international cooperation, humans will eventually reach a state of harmonious coexistence with snakes and jointly maintain the integrity and stability of the earth's life network. Acknowledgments We would like to thank MS.Han continuous support throughout the development of this study.
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