International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-100 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 93 Review and Perspectives Open Access The Research on Green Control Strategies and Techniques for Major Pests and Diseases of Sapindus mukorossi Jie Zhang, Jianhui Li Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: jianhui.li@@hitar.org International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.2 doi: 10.5376/ijmec.2025.15.0010 Received: 24 Feb., 2025 Accepted: 28 Mar., 2025 Published: 16 Apr., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Zhang and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang J., and Li J.H., 2025, The research on green control strategies and techniques for major pests and diseases of Sapindus mukorossi, International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 15(2): 91-100 (doi: 10.5376/ijmec.2025.15.0010) Abstract This study focuses on the green control strategies and techniques for the main diseases and pests of Sapindus mukorossi, with the aim of enhancing the ability to resist diseases and pests and supporting sustainable development. Sapindus mukorossi is not only an economic crop but also an ecological resource, often used in landscaping, traditional medicine and bioenergy production. The risks are equally obvious: it is highly vulnerable to pests and diseases, and the output and quality will decline accordingly. To this end, the research will evaluate the effects of biological control and natural pesticides, and explore feasible paths to enhance resistance by combining molecular markers, gene editing and other means. It is worth noting that saponin extracts have strong insecticidal and antibacterial activities, can effectively control pests such as melon fruit flies, and have a relatively small impact on beneficial organisms. The significance of green prevention and control goes beyond this: it not only helps maintain ecological balance but also enhances the commercial value of Sapindus mukorossi products. Certain progress has been made at present, but further verification and expansion are still needed, especially in evaluating the wide application and stability of natural products such as saponins under different environmental conditions. Keywords Sapindus mukorossi; Green control; Biological control; Saponins; Gene editing 1 Introduction Sapindus mukorossi, also called the Sapindus tree, is a species with both economic and ecological value. It is native to southern China and now grows across tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia (Zhao et al., 2019). The tree has many uses: landscaping, traditional medicine, and bioenergy. Its fruit matters most because saponins can be extracted from it-a natural surfactant used in soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics (Liu et al., 2021). The seed oil can also serve as a potential biodiesel feedstock, which makes the species a good target for forestry bioenergy (Sun et al., 2017). It is also highly adaptable to local conditions, a trait that favors large-scale planting and breeding improvement (Sun et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2021). Despite these advantages, Sapindus mukorossi is vulnerable to many pests and diseases, which reduces yield and quality. The cucurbitae (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is a major pest; it attacks the fruit and causes notable damage. Such pressure cuts economic returns and challenges long-term cultivation. Effective control strategies are therefore needed to protect the species and keep its contributions to bioenergy and related industries (Samiksha et al., 2019). This study focuses on green control and adopts sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for the main pests of Sapindus mukorossi. The objective is to enhance its resistance to biological stress without sacrificing economic or ecological value. The research work includes the identification of bioactive compounds in plants, such as trypsin inhibitors. These seeds show potential in combating melon flies. This study will also assess the relationship between environmental factors and phenotypic traits to determine conditions conducive to growth and pest resistance. These measures aim to support the sustainable management and cultivation of Sapindus mukorossi and maintain its feasibility as a long-term resource. 2 Major Pests and Diseases of Sapindus mukorossi 2.1 The main pests and fungal, bacterial diseases affecting Sapindus mukorossi Sapindus mukorossi, often referred to as Sapindus, is susceptible to various fungal diseases, among which the
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