International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 63-73 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 68 enabling Chrysanthemum morifolium to initiate specific immune responses in the face of diverse stresses. The elucidation of this mechanism not only expands the understanding of the plant disease resistance process, but also clarifies several molecular intervention points with potential breeding value, providing theoretical support and gene target basis for the subsequent molecular breeding of disease-resistant varieties. Figure 2 Choice behavior assay of aphids for wounded S1 and intact S2 flowers of transgenic and wild type chrysanthemum plants (Adopted from Li et al., 2024) Image caption: (A) Illustration of aphid choice behavior experiment. (B) Olfactometer choices of cotton aphids in response to wounded S1 of transgenic and wild type chrysanthemum plants. (C) Olfactometer choices of cotton aphids in response to intact S2 flowers of transgenic and wild type chrysanthemum plants (paired t-test, **, P < 0.01; ns, not significant). Each bars represent the percentage of aphids that made a choice within 5 minutes after release. The number on the bar represent number of aphids in total (Adopted from Li et al., 2024) 5 Case Studies of Biological Control in Hangbaiju 5.1 Powdery mildew control The synergistic application of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis provides a new idea for the prevention and control of powdery mildew in Chrysanthemum morifolium . Studies have shown that Trichoderma strains significantly inhibit the growth of powdery mildew fungi through heavy parasitism and nutrient competition (Omomowo et al., 2018). At the same time, Bacillus subtilis can secrete a variety of antibacterial substances and activate the plant's system to acquire resistance (Yang et al., 2023). The combined action of the two biocontrol strains can not only effectively block the transmission path of pathogens, but also induce the plant to activate its own defense mechanism, thereby improving the disease resistance of Chrysanthemum morifolium. With the help of multiple prevention and control paths, this composite microbial preparation has shown excellent prevention and control results in field applications. At the same time, this prevention and control strategy can also optimize the rhizosphere microecological environment, providing a healthier and more stable growth foundation for the plant. 5.2 Integrated biological control of aphids A multi-pronged biological strategy is used to control aphids in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Extracts of neem and pyrethrum are used as botanical pesticides to selectively suppress aphid populations without affecting natural
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