International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 63-73 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 65 pathogen of leaf spot disease (Sha et al., 2023). The strain directly inhibits the growth of pathogens by secreting antimicrobial substances, and may activate the plant defense system at the same time, with a dual control mechanism. Figure 1 Symptoms of disease inC. morifoliumand pathogenicity test (Adopted from Chen et al., 2018) Image caption: (A) Field symptoms; (B) Diseased branches near the top of the chrysanthemum; (C,D) Symptoms of leaf spot disease; (E) Leaf 5 days after inoculation with sterile PDA plug; (F) Leaf 5 days after artificial inoculation; (G) Branch before inoculation; (H) Branch 7 days after inoculation (Adopted from Chen et al., 2018) Bacillus bacteria have broad application prospects in plant disease control. Studies have shown that B. siamensis D65 exhibits broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against a variety of plant pathogenic fungi, which provides a scientific basis for its application in the comprehensive control of Chrysanthemum morifolium diseases. In addition, soil improvement measures such as biochar application can effectively reduce the population density of Fusarium oxysporum (Chen et al., 2018). This strategy of controlling soil-borne diseases by regulating soil microbial communities provides a new idea for the ecological control of Chrysanthemum morifoliumwilt. Microbial pesticides are gradually replacing traditional chemical pesticides. The discovery and application of highly effective antagonistic strains such as B. siamensis D65 marks a new stage in the control of Chrysanthemum morifoliumdiseases dominated by microbial regulation (Sha et al., 2023). This type of biological agent not only has significant control effects, but is also environmentally friendly and not prone to inducing drug resistance, which meets the requirements of sustainable development of modern agriculture. 3.2 Natural enemy insect control Predatory natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings have shown significant effects in the control of aphids in Chrysanthemum morifolium. These natural enemies can effectively control the density of aphid populations and reduce the degree of plant damage through direct predation (Zhang et al., 2019). Although there are few studies on the application of predatory mites on Chrysanthemum morifolium, their successful practice in integrated pest management provides a reference for their application. 3.3 Plant-derived pesticides and natural product control Botanical pesticides are widely valued for their natural insecticidal activity and are gradually becoming a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides. Although no plant extracts specifically for Chrysanthemum morifolium have been clearly applied to pest control, the potential of botanical substances in
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