International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 19-29 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 27 climate change, how to maintain livestock productivity is a global concern. The reason why goats are popular is largely due to their environmental tolerance (Nair et al., 2021). By exploring the "secret weapons" given to goats by HGT and SV, goats can be better utilized to produce in marginal lands and extreme climates to maintain food security. In conservation biology, goat research can provide reference for wild relatives and rare species. Many wild goats are facing habitat loss and climate pressure. Understanding how goats adapt to the environment will help formulate conservation strategies. In the academic field, goat HGT and SV research will promote interdisciplinary studies. Genetics, evolutionary biology, ecology, agronomy, computational science, etc. will be integrated here to cultivate comprehensive talents and research teams. This is conducive to promoting innovation in the overall life sciences. Goat research may bring inspiration to human medicine, such as new therapies to combat hypoxia and inflammation (Huang et al., 2017). Acknowledgments Thanks to the peer reviewers for their suggestions on improving this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bian P., Li J., Zhou S., Wang X., Gong M., Guo X., Cai Y., Yang Q., Fu J., Li R., Huang S., Luo F., Shah A.M., Lenstra J.A., Mwacharo J.M., Li R., Ren G., Wang X., Li C., Zheng W., Jiang Y., and Wang X., 2024, A graph-based goat pangenome reveals structural variations involved in domestication and adaptation, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 41(12): msae251. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae251 PMid:39665690 PMCid:PMC11669723 Banerjee D., Upadhyay R., Chaudhary U., Kumar R., Singh S., A. A., Das T., and De S., 2015, Seasonal variations in physio-biochemical profiles of Indian goats in the paradigm of hot and cold climate, Biological Rhythm Research, 46: 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2014.984999 Burmeister A., 2015, Horizontal gene transfer, Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2015: 193-194. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eov018 PMid:26224621 PMCid:PMC4536854 Carpanzano S., Santorsola M., Nf-Core Community, and Lescai F., 2022, hgtseq: A standard pipeline to study horizontal gene transfer, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23): 14512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314512 PMid:36498841 PMCid:PMC9738810 Chebii V.J., Oyola S.O., Kotze A., Domelevo Entfellner J.-B., Mutuku J.M., and Agaba M., 2020, Genome-wide analysis of Nubian ibex reveals candidate positively selected genes that contribute to its adaptation to the desert environment, Animals, 10(11): 2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112181 PMid:33266380 PMCid:PMC7700370 Cornelis G., Heidmann O., Degrelle S.A., Vernochet C., Lavialle C., Letzelter C., Bernard-Stoecklin S., Hassanin A., Mulot B., Guillomot M., Hue I., Heidmann T., and Dupressoir A., 2013, Captured retroviral envelope syncytin gene associated with the unique placental structure of higher ruminants, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 110(9): E828-E837. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215787110 PMid:23401540 PMCid:PMC3587263 Dai X., Kiuchi T., Zhou Y., Jia S., Xu Y., Katsuma S., Shimada T., and Wang H., 2021, Horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication of β-fructofuranosidase confer Lepidopteran insects metabolic benefits, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(7): 2897-2914. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab080 PMid:33739418 PMCid:PMC8233494 Di Gerlando R., Mastrangelo S., Moscarelli A., Tolone M., Sutera A., Portolano B., and Sardina M., 2020, Genomic structural diversity in local goats: analysis of copy-number variations, Animals, 10(6): 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061040 PMid:32560248 PMCid:PMC7341319 Huang J., 2013, Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes: the weak-link model, BioEssays, 35(10): 868-875. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.201300007 PMid:24037739 PMCid:PMC4033532
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