International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 9-18 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 12 In recent years, the number of Chinese people eating durian has increased year by year, with an annual growth rate of more than 20%. However, more than 90% of durian in China is still imported. Now, domestic durian such as Hainan “tree-ripened” has begun to be promoted, indicating that domestic breeding technology has made a breakthrough. And the issue of intellectual property protection of these varieties has also received more and more attention. Durian is a tropical specialty fruit, and its varieties (such as Malaysia’s Musang King and Thailand's Golden Pillow) have obvious regional characteristics. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the genetic resources of durian belong to the country of origin; but if it is a new variety, the breeder can also own the variety rights. At this time, it is necessary to balance the relationship between resource ownership and innovative results. In China, new durian varieties can apply for exclusive rights under the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties, and the general protection period is 15 to 20 years. However, because durian breeding takes a long time and is asexually reproduced, it sometimes affects the recognition of the "uniqueness" of new varieties. If there are new breeding techniques or planting methods, invention patents can also be applied for. In addition, geographical indications and trademark protection such as "Hainan Tree-Ripe Durian" are also a key direction for brand building in the future. This requires the establishment of a strict quality control system to cooperate. 4 Ecological Adaptation of Durian in Different Regions 4.1 Environmental factors affecting durian growth Durian is a tropical fruit with high temperature requirements. It needs to grow in a high temperature climate throughout the year, and the average annual temperature should be between 22℃ and 30℃. During the fruiting period, if the temperature is below 20℃, the fruit may not develop well or even fall. Durian also needs sunlight. There must be 8 to 10 hours of sunlight every day to make the leaves grow lush, the flowers bloom well, and the fruits are plump and juicy. The strong and long sunlight in tropical areas creates good conditions for the growth of durian. Water is also very important for durian. It likes a humid climate, and the annual precipitation is preferably between 1000 and 3000 mm. The water requirements are different in different growth periods. In the seedling stage, the soil should be kept moist, but there should be no stagnant water, otherwise the roots will rot. In the flowering and fruiting period, there should be sufficient water, otherwise the flowers will fall easily and the fruits will not grow well. Different durian varieties also adapt to the environment differently. For example, the varieties Kradumthong, Monthong and Puangmanee show different adaptability, some are drought-tolerant and some are moisture-tolerant (Khaksar et al., 2024). In Hainan, China, the climate conditions are very similar to those in Southeast Asia. The annual average temperature is around 24°C, and the rainfall is relatively high, exceeding 1 500 mm. These conditions are very suitable for durian growth. The successful cultivation in Hainan also shows that as long as the climate is suitable, the right variety is selected and scientific management methods are adopted, durian can also be grown well in China (Figure 1) (Lin et al., 2022). 4.2 Regional adaptation of key durian varieties Durian is a tropical fruit, and different varieties have different adaptability to different environments. Temperature, humidity, light and precipitation will affect its performance. At present, most commercially cultivated durians are concentrated in Southeast Asia. Thailand's Golden Pillow (Monhong) is drought-tolerant and suitable for cultivation in the east and south. It can also be grown in Hainan, China and Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, but attention should be paid to cold protection in winter. Kanyao prefers well-drained soil and is suitable for the central plains of Thailand. Chanee is more tolerant to moisture and is suitable for rainy areas in southern Thailand. Malaysian Musang King prefers a high temperature and high humidity environment and is suitable for small-scale planting in Hainan and Xishuangbanna. Black Thorn is sensitive to temperature differences and is difficult to introduce; Red Prawn is more tolerant to moisture and is suitable for hot and humid areas such as Hainan and Guangdong in China. Vietnam's Ri6 variety is more drought-tolerant and can adapt to poor soils. It is suitable for
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