International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-41 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 38 4.3 Differences between different butterfly species There are significant differences in habitat preferences and genetic diversity among different butterfly species. These differences can be attributed to various factors, including the species' life history, food needs, behavior, and geographical distribution. Behavioural categorization of García-Berro et al. (2023) resulted in 16 species scored as migratory (17.64%), 69 as sedentary (65.66%) and 13 as dispersive (12.74%) (Figure 2). Some butterfly species have a long life history, such as long-distance flight and multi generational characteristics. These species may be more adaptable and able to find food and spawning grounds in different habitats. Other species have a shorter life history and are more sensitive to specific habitat conditions. Figure 2 Behavioural categorization of 97 lepidopteran species (Adapted from García-Berro et al., 2023) Image caption: (a) Genomic heterozygosity for 185 individuals belonging to 97 lepidopteran species calculated from short read Illumina reads using genomescope version 1.0; Average estimates for species with several specimens are shown, with the exception of Danaus plexippus, for which migratory and nonmigratory populations are illustrated; Numbers next to species names denote the number of individuals used for heterozygosity inference; The grey line indicates the average value for all analysed species; Species were classified as sedentary (in blue), migratory (in orange) and dispersive (in grey); (b) a pGLS analysis was used to test for significant deviation in heterozygosity between groups, accounting for wing size as proxy for body size (*p < .05, **p < .01; ***p < .001); (c) Phylogenetic diversity of the sampled species; Bars next to tips show average heterozygosity estimates (Adopted from García-Berro et al., 2023)
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