International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-41 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmec 37 Habitat destruction may also lead to a decrease in the genetic diversity of butterflies (Joanna and Nowicki, 2023). Due to habitat destruction and segregation, communication between butterfly populations decreases, which may lead to genetic differentiation between populations and reduce genetic diversity. Genetic diversity is crucial for the adaptability of species, as it can make it easier for them to adapt to environmental changes and new pressures. Monarch butterfly is a famous migratory butterfly, with its migration route spanning North America. Habitat destruction includes winter habitat deforestation in Mexico, as well as urbanization and agricultural expansion of grasslands and wildflower grasslands in the United States and Canada. This has led to habitat loss and reduced food supply during migration, posing a threat to their migration and survival. The Ornithoptera urvillianus is widely distributed in Asia and Oceania, but faces the threat of habitat destruction. Deforestation, land development, and urban expansion have led to the loss of habitat for the blue bird winged butterfly, leading to a decline in their population and posing a risk of endangerment. 4 The Relationship between Genetic Diversity and Habitat Preferences 4.1 Application of genomics technology in butterfly research In recent years, the development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology has changed the way gene diversity research is conducted. By using DNA sequencing technology, researchers can analyze the DNA sequence in the butterfly genome to reveal the differences and variations between different genes. This helps to understand the genetic diversity of butterflies, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among others. Transcriptomics technology allows scientists to study which genes in the butterfly genome are expressed under specific conditions (Xiao, 2022). This is crucial for understanding the adaptability and survival strategies of butterflies in different habitats. By analyzing the transcriptome of butterflies, researchers can identify gene expression differences related to habitat preferences. By studying the nucleotide sequences of butterfly reproductive cells, scientists can understand the situation of gene flow and genetic communication. This helps to determine the degree of genetic connection between different butterfly populations and whether there is genetic segregation. 4.2 Summary of existing research results Previous studies have provided important insights into the relationship between butterfly genetic diversity and habitat preferences. These studies indicate a close relationship between genetic diversity and butterfly habitat preferences (Sun et al., 2020). Research has found that in butterfly populations with high genetic diversity, individuals have stronger adaptability to different habitat types. This indicates that genetic diversity helps increase the survival opportunities of butterfly populations, enabling them to adapt to different habitat conditions. There are inter species differences between the habitat preferences and genetic diversity of butterfly species. Some butterfly species may be more sensitive to habitat changes, while others are more adaptable. This difference may be related to the life history, behavior, and ecological needs of different species. Research has also shown that habitat changes and destruction have a negative impact on the genetic diversity of butterflies (Peng et al., 2023). Habitat destruction has led to a decrease in the number of species, thereby reducing the size of the gene pool and reducing genetic diversity. This makes butterflies more vulnerable and difficult to adapt to changes in their habitats. Therefore, protecting the habitat of butterflies is crucial for maintaining their genetic diversity. The different populations of Parthenos sylvia gambrisius exhibit different levels of genetic diversity in their habitat diversity. This reflects the close relationship between genetic diversity and habitat changes. Endangered butterfly species such as the three tailed brown butterfly (Bhutanitis thaidina) typically have low genetic diversity, making them more vulnerable to threats such as habitat destruction and climate change. The protection of these species has become particularly urgent as they may become more vulnerable to any further damage to their habitats.
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