International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 111-123 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 119 In terms of breeding processes, how to efficiently integrate gene editing technology into traditional systems still needs to be broken through. Compared with the conventional breeding cycle of 5~7 years in the past, gene editing is expected to shorten the breeding time to 2~3 years, greatly improving breeding efficiency. In addition, the interaction network between transcription factors and SNPs is extremely complex, and a single SNP change may cause changes in the expression of multiple traits (Klees et al., 2021), which puts higher requirements on the design of regulatory strategies. It is worth looking forward to that with the introduction of cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell omics and AI-assisted prediction, the current technical bottleneck is gradually being broken. It is predicted that in the next five years, new strains bred by gene editing will account for more than 30% of rapeseed breeding results, and a new era of precision breeding is accelerating. 10 Concluding Remarks As an important oil crop in the world, Brassica napus has a complex gene regulatory network that plays a key role in growth, development and environmental adaptation. Studies have shown that the response of this crop to abiotic stresses such as temperature stress and nutrient deficiency involves multi-level molecular regulatory mechanisms. Under high temperature stress conditions, epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulatory networks work together to regulate the heat stress response of plants. Low temperature stress mainly activates transcription factor families such as MYB, bHLH and NAC, which enhance the cold resistance of plants by regulating the expression of downstream target genes. It is particularly noteworthy that WRKY family transcription factors BnaA9.WRKY47 play an important role in low boron stress adaptation by regulating the expression of boron transport channel genes. The application of multi-omics joint analysis technology provides a new research perspective for systematically analyzing these stress response networks. However, there are still many challenges in converting basic research results into practical breeding applications. First, the allotetraploid genome characteristics of Brassica napus lead to a high complexity of its gene regulatory network, and there may be functional differentiation or redundancy between different genome copies. Secondly, the dynamic changes in environmental conditions and developmental stages further increase the variability of the regulatory network. In addition, the identification of key regulatory genes and functional SNPs is still imperfect, and there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction mechanism between growth and development and stress response pathways. These factors restrict the efficiency of molecular design breeding. Future research should focus on the following directions: 1) Identify functional SNPs and transcription factors related to stress response through genome-wide association analysis system; 2) Integrate multi-omics data to build a dynamic regulatory network model; 3) Use gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 to precisely modify key regulatory elements; 4) Analyze the coordinated regulatory mechanism of growth and development and stress response. These studies will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation of new varieties of Brassica napus with both high yield and stress resistance, which is of great significance for addressing the challenges of agricultural production under the background of global climate change. Acknowledgments I sincerely appreciate the valuable opinions and suggestions provided by the two anonymous reviewers, whose meticulous review helped us improve the quality of this article. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bianchetti G., Clouet V., Legeai F., Baron C., Gazengel K., Vu B., Baud S., To A., Manzanares-Dauleux M., Buitink J., and Nesi N., 2024, Identification of transcriptional modules linked to the drought response of Brassica napus during seed development and their mitigation by early biotic stress, Physiologia Plantarum, 176(1): e14130. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14130
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