International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 99-110 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 101 It is worth noting that different germplasms of Lindera aggregata show a continuous distribution in key agronomic traits such as fruit size, seed number and essential oil accumulation, showing significant phenotypic differences (Lv et al., 2023). This high degree of trait plasticity not only provides a broad space for the screening of excellent germplasms, but also lays a strong foundation for exploring its ecological adaptation strategy and the genetic basis for the formation of medicinal ingredients (Shi et al., 2024b). 2.3 Relationship between ecological factors and genetic diversity The formation of the genetic pattern of Lindera aggregata population in Qingchuan is the result of the synergistic effect of multidimensional ecological factors. Environmental factors such as altitude gradient, temperature change and soil characteristics jointly shape the genetic variation characteristics of this species through a complex interactive network. Molecular ecological evidence shows that there is significant genetic differentiation between Lindera aggregata populations in different ecological zones. This spatial genetic structure is mainly due to the selection pressure driven by environmental heterogeneity (Nakamura et al., 2021). Specifically, low-altitude populations maintain high genetic diversity under superior water and heat conditions; while high-altitude populations tend to have a single genetic composition due to harsh environmental screening and geographical isolation. Eco-genetic interaction research has important guiding value for resource conservation. Soil physical and chemical properties directly affect plant fitness by regulating water-nutrient balance, while climatic factors indirectly affect reproductive success through phenological regulation. In-depth analysis of these environmentally driven genetic adaptation mechanisms is crucial to the formulation of scientific conservation strategies. Modern conservation biology emphasizes that sustainable management of Qingchuan Linderae genetic resources can only be achieved by integrating landscape features and gene flow dynamics in a conservation framework (Xiong et al., 2020). This conservation paradigm based on the principles of eco-genetics provides a new approach to the conservation of rare medicinal plant resources. 3 Genetic Diversity Analysis of Lindera aggregata Germplasm Resources 3.1 Research materials and sampling methods Through a systematic sample acquisition strategy, a full-coverage collection of Linderae obesa germplasm resources in different ecological gradient areas of Qingchuan County was carried out. The sampling area covers three representative habitats: low-altitude river valleys, medium-altitude forest belts and high-altitude mountains, with the aim of revealing the genetic differentiation trend of germplasm resources under variable environmental conditions. Drawing on the field sampling standards proposed by Gu et al. (2010), the researchers simultaneously collected leaf and seed materials to improve the comprehensiveness of genetic analysis and avoid the risk of bias caused by single materials. During the sampling process, key phenotypic indicators such as leaf morphology, floral structure and fruit characteristics were recorded on site, providing an important reference for phenotype-genotype association studies. After sample recovery, genomic DNA was extracted according to a unified operating procedure, and the purity and integrity of nucleic acids were strictly controlled to ensure the data quality of subsequent molecular marker analysis. The multi-level and multi-dimensional data acquisition system has laid a solid foundation for the systematic evaluation of the genetic variation pattern of Linderae obesa in Qingchuan and its relationship with phenotypic diversity. 3.2 Molecular marker technologies for genetic diversity The continuous progress of molecular marker technology has provided multi-angle technical support for the analysis of genetic diversity of P. aegypti. Among them, SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers have become one of the core means to detect population genetic variation due to their high polymorphism and co-dominance (Li, 2024). A large number of research results show that the use of this technology can clearly reveal the rich genetic heterogeneity contained in P. aegypti germplasm resources (Zhao et al., 2005; Ye and Li, 2019).
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