International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 84-98 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 91 6 Biotechnological Interventions 6.1 Application of transgenic methods in drought resistance improvement Transgenic technology plays a vital role in the study of improving rapeseed drought resistance. By introducing target genes with stress resistance, the drought tolerance of plants can be enhanced. Among them, the overexpression of BnaABF2 transcription factor is a representative achievement. This gene can activate stress response genes in the ABA signaling pathway, thereby improving the survival ability of plants under drought and salt stress (Zhao et al., 2016). This strategy clearly demonstrates the feasibility of improving plant stress adaptability by precisely regulating core genes. Key research cases show that the BnA.JAZ5 gene plays a key regulatory role in rapeseed drought resistance. Related experiments have shown that overexpression of this gene triggers the interaction between the abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways, thereby causing an increase in stomatal density (Cao et al., 2022). This change in anatomical structure weakens the plant's ability to regulate under water stress and significantly reduces its survival level under drought conditions. This result reflects the high complexity of the intrinsic regulation of the plant hormone signaling network. When carrying out transgenic improvement, if the interaction effects between different hormones are not fully considered, unexpected phenotypic variation can easily occur. Therefore, the creation of efficient and stable drought-resistant transgenic rapeseed lines must rely on accurate gene function annotation and the construction of expression regulation systems. 6.2 Application prospects of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in rapeseed genetic improvement The CRISPR-Cas9 system has become one of the important tools for modern plant molecular breeding due to its high targeting and editing efficiency. The gene editing operation achieved using this technology has shown great potential in the improvement of multiple target traits in rapeseed. For example, editing the EPSPS gene significantly improved the plant's tolerance to glyphosate herbicides, verifying its feasibility in actual production trait improvement (Wang et al., 2021). In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 has also played a key role in analyzing the drought resistance mechanism of rapeseed. Taking DELLA protein as an example, by performing functional mutation treatment on its encoding gene BnaA6.RGA, researchers obtained mutants with different expression types. The results showed that the protein participates in the response regulation under drought stress by interacting with the core elements of the ABA signaling pathway. Plants with functional mutants showed stronger drought resistance, while mutants with missing functions performed relatively weaker under the same stress conditions (Wu et al., 2020). Such results not only deepen the understanding of key nodes in the regulatory network, but also provide a clear path for constructing new rapeseed germplasm with high stress resistance through gene-directed editing in the future. 6.3 Application of “omics” technology in drought resistance research In recent years, “omics” technology has played an important role in revealing the drought resistance mechanism of rapeseed, covering multiple levels such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Genomic research has identified a series of key genes and their regulatory modules closely related to drought response through systematic analysis of the entire genome, providing strong support for the molecular improvement of drought resistance traits (Figure 2) (Raza et al., 2021). At the same time, transcriptomics revealed the transcriptional response characteristics of rapeseed under drought stress, revealing the dynamic process of how plants adapt to environmental stress by regulating gene expression. These data provide important clues for understanding the transcriptional regulation strategy of adversity adaptation. The combined analysis of proteome and metabolome provides a new perspective for revealing the mechanism of rapeseed drought resistance. Drought-resistant varieties show unique metabolic characteristics, including enhanced key enzyme activities and accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances (Batool et al., 2022). This physiological advantage is achieved through post-translational modification regulation and metabolic network reconstruction, forming a complete cell protection system that effectively responds to the physiological challenges brought about by drought stress.
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