International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 73-83 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 81 systematically and thoroughly studied and utilized (Enyew et al., 2022). So, although resources are available, more focused and meticulous work is needed to continuously promote their transformation into breeding achievements. Another issue is that breeders don’t use unadapted sorghum types often. Even though new methods exist to add these types to breeding programs, the resulting plants often grow poorly. So, better ways are needed to use unadapted types without losing performance. 8.2 Technology and practical problems Technology also limits progress. Tools like high-throughput phenotyping and advanced genetic methods are promising but not widely used yet in sorghum research (Boyles et al., 2018). These methods are still costly and need trained people. Saving and testing sorghum seeds is also a big job. For example, the USDA’s Ethiopian collection is one of the biggest in the world. But managing such a large group of seeds takes a lot of time, money, and technical effort (Cuevas et al., 2016). Genome-wide studies on these collections are useful but hard to do due to the huge amount of data involved. 8.3 Future research priorities To move forward, researchers should develop faster and cheaper tools to study sorghum. New technologies can help show how genes affect traits more clearly. Future studies should also bring together genetic, trait, and environmental data to find key adaptive genes (Girma et al., 2020). It’s also important to improve breeding strategies. Better methods are needed to keep useful traits from unadapted sorghum while still making sure new varieties grow well. Adding sorghum types from less-studied regions can bring in new useful alleles for breeding (Afolayan et al., 2019). Finally, countries and labs should work together and share data. By teaming up, they can handle big challenges like saving seeds and studying large data sets. This will help use sorghum’s full genetic potential in future crop development. Acknowledgments The author sincerely thanks her colleague Anita W.W. from the research group for the assistance provided during the literature and data collection process of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Adebo O., 2020, African sorghum-based fermented foods: past, current and future prospects, Nutrients, 12(4): 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041111 Afolayan G., Deshpande S., Aladele S., Kolawole A., Angarawai I., Nwosu D., Michael C., Blay E., and Danquah E., 2019, Genetic diversity assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism markers, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 17: 412-420. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262119000212 Allan V., Vetriventhan M., Senthil R., Geetha S., Deshpande S., Rathore A., Kumar V., Singh P., Reddymalla S., and Azevedo V., 2020, Genome-Wide DArTSeq genotyping and phenotypic based assessment of within and among accessions diversity and effective sample size in the diverse sorghum, pearl millet, and pigeonpea landraces, Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 587426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.587426 Boyles R., Brenton Z., and Kresovich S., 2018, Genetic and genomic resources of sorghum to connect genotype with phenotype in contrasting environments, The Plant Journal, 97(1): 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14113 Burgarella C., Berger A., Glémin S., David J., Terrier N., Deu M., and Pot D., 2021, The road to sorghum domestication: evidence from nucleotide diversity and gene expression patterns, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 666075. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.666075
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