International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 229-240 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 231 Figure 1 Gene diversity in Asian cultivated rice (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2021) Image caption: (A) Frequency distribution of Shannon’s equitability (EH) calculated from the gene-CDS-haplotype (gcHap) dataset of 45 963 rice genes in 3KRG and its five rice populations. Five gene types were classified based on the distribution of their EH values in 3KRG. (B) Distribution of gcHap number (gcHapN) and EH of all 45 963 rice genes. (C) The relationship between EH and gcHapN of all 45 963 rice genes. (D) EH distribution of genes on 12 rice chromosomes. (E) Distribution of gcHapN (left) and EH (right) of known core, candidate core, and distributed genes of N-RefSeq from the RPAN database. PAV, gene presence/absence variation. (F) EH distribution of 20 gene clusters in 3KRG and its five rice populations (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2021) 2.3 Global perspectives on rice genetic diversity Globally, rice genetic diversity has been extensively studied to understand its implications for breeding and conservation. For instance, the 3k Rice Genomes Project has provided valuable insights into the genetic structure and diversity of Asian cultivated rice, revealing subpopulations correlated with geographic locations and multiple domestication events (Wang et al., 2018). These findings provide critical insights for identifying genes associated with desirable agronomic traits, such as drought tolerance, disease resistance, and grain quality, which are vital for developing resilient rice varieties. Studies on upland rice germplasm have highlighted the significant genetic exchange and diversity within populations, which are crucial for rice improvement strategies (Adeboye et al., 2020). Furthermore, research on the genetic diversity of rice in different regions, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Egypt, underscores the importance of understanding local genetic resources for effective breeding programs (Jin et al., 2010; Kimwemwe et al., 2023). In India, extensive surveys of indigenous rice varieties have uncovered unique genetic traits for resistance to pests and extreme weather conditions, providing new opportunities for crop improvement in the face of climate change (Singh et al., 2019). The integration of genetic diversity into disease control strategies has also proven effective, as seen in the successful reduction of rice blast
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