International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 208-218 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 214 7 Case Study Analysis: A Comprehensive Taxonomic Revision of Aphis Species 7.1 Selection of the Aphis genus for case study The genus Aphis was selected for this case study due to its significant taxonomic complexity and economic importance. Aphis is the largest aphid genus globally, encompassing numerous species that are major agricultural pests (D’acier et al., 2007). The genus is notorious for its taxonomic challenges, as many species within it are difficult to distinguish morphologically and often require molecular data for accurate identification. This complexity makes Aphis an ideal candidate for a comprehensive taxonomic revision, which can provide insights into broader taxonomic issues within the Aphididae family. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the need for a detailed taxonomic reassessment of Aphis species. For instance, the discovery of new species within the genus, such as Aphis (Toxoptera) fafuensis andAphis (Toxoptera) sennae (Figure 2) in China, underscores the ongoing diversification and the necessity for updated classification keys (Cheng and Huang, 2023). These factors collectively justify the selection of Aphis for an in-depth case study aimed at refining its taxonomic framework. Figure 2 Aphis (Toxoptera) fafuensis Cheng & Huang, sp. nov.(a), and Aphis (Toxoptera) sennae Cheng & Huang, sp. Nov.(b), apterous viviparous female (Adopted from Cheng and Huang, 2023) Image caption: A dorsal view of body B dorsal view of head C antennal segments I–III D antennal segments V–VI E mesosternal furca F ultimate rostral segment G siphunculus H genital plate I cauda J ventro-lateral stridulatory ridge of abdominal segments IV–VI K stridulatory ridge L anal plate M peg-shaped hairs on hind tibia N marginal tubercle on prothorax O marginal tubercle on abdominal segment I P marginal tubercle on abdominal segment VII Q gonapophyses. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (Adopted from Cheng and Huang, 2023)
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