International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 62-70 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 67 1.4 Genetic Differentiation Between the Two Populations Using Wright’s FST method, this study analyzed the genetic differentiation of different SSR loci between the two populations. The results showed varying degrees of genetic differences at certain SSR loci (Table 2). Specifically, there was no genetic differentiation between the SSR loci RM222 and RM293, both with an FST value of 0.0000, indicating that these loci had identical genetic compositions in both populations. On the other hand, 10 SSR loci, including RM295, RM185, RM19, RM114, RM26, RM143, RM126, RM162, RM163, and RM131, showed minor genetic differentiation, with FST values ranging from 0.0083 to 0.0984. Additionally, 25 SSR loci, including RM160, RM148, RM171, RM321, RM239, RM242, RM2, RM3, RM202, RM111, RM237, RM127, RM229, RM80, RM140, RM280, RM169, RM166, RM42, RM206, RM17, RM5, RM20, RM18, and RM11, displayed significant genetic differentiation, with FST values ranging from 0.1500 to 0.8676, indicating substantial genetic differences between the two populations at these loci. Overall, the global FST value was 0.3909, indicating that approximately 39.09% of the genetic variation was attributed to differences between the Sanya and Qionghai wild rice populations, highlighting significant genetic structure differences between them. These findings are crucial for understanding the genetic background and evolutionary history of these two populations. Table 2 The value of FST for all loci and the mean of it SSR locus FST SSR locus FST RM140 0.4182 RM222 0.0000 RM48 0.1800 RM229 0.3870 RM114 0.0175 RM239 0.2505 RM237 0.3750 RM3 0.3222 RM143 -0.0455 RM160 0.1500 RM127 0.3757 RM163 0.0974 RM131 0.0984 RM295 0.0083 RM293 0.0000 RM20 0.7469 RM280 0.4545 RM5 0.6690 RM185 0.0091 RM17 0.6403 RM11 0.8676 RM42 0.5812 RM111 0.3360 RM26 -0.0182 RM162 0.0545 RM80 0.3909 RM126 0.0500 RM242 0.2857 RM171 0.2000 RM169 0.4773 RM321 0.2000 RM166 0.5417 RM19 0.0167 RM2 0.2857 RM202 0.3333 RM18 0.7864 RM206 0.6238 Mean 0.3909 2 Discussion Through genetic analysis of the Sanya and Qionghai populations of common wild rice, this study observed significant genetic differentiation between the two populations. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, we conducted a detailed analysis of the genetic diversity and structure of these populations. SSR markers were chosen for their high polymorphism and extensive application in population genetic structure analysis (Lade et al., 2020). The study found that although both populations maintained high genetic diversity, the Sanya population exhibited significantly higher genetic diversity than the Qionghai population. By calculating the observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and unbiased heterozygosity at each SSR locus, this study further confirmed the richness of genetic diversity in the Sanya population.
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