International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 62-70 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 62 Research Report Open Access Genetic Structure and Diversity of Common Wild Rice of Different Populations inHainan Liangbing Chen1,2 , Jianquan Li 3 1 College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466000, China, He’nan, China 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China 3 Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding author: hitar@hitar.org International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2024, Vol.14, No.2 doi: 10.5376/ijmeb.2024.14.0008 Received: 13 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 19 Feb., 2024 Published: 28 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Chen and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Chen L.B, and Li J.Q., 2024, Genetic structure and diversity of common wild rice of different populations in Hainan, International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 14(2): 62-70 (doi: 10.5376/ijmeb.2024.14.0008) Abstract This study mainly explored the genetic diversity and structure of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) of Sanya population and Qionghai population in Hainan of China. By analyzing a total of 37 SSR markers in two populations, significant differences in genetic diversity and differentiation were revealed between these two populations. The results showed that the polymorphism rate of SSR loci in the Sanya population could reach 91.8919%, while the polymorphism rate in the Qionghai population was 81.0811%, indicating that the genetic variation level of the Sanya population was higher than that of the Qionghai population. By calculating the direct count heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and unbiased heterozygosity at each SSR locus, it was further confirmed that the Sanya population has a higher genetic variation. By calculating the genetic differentiation index (FST), the study found that the overall FST value of the two populations was 0.3909, indicating significant genetic structural differences between the two populations. The findings of this study can provide new insights into the genetic resources of common wild rice in Hainan and scientific basis for the conservation strategies of common wild rice in Hainan. Keywords Ordinary wild rice (Oryza rufipogonGriff.); Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; SSR marking Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.), a close ancestor of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a significant genetic resource with important ecological and genetic value (Ding et al., 2022). It serves as a key species for studying rice evolution and is a crucial component of biodiversity conservation and genetic resources. Native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, particularly in southern China, the populations of wild rice on Hainan Island are especially rich. They thrive in diverse ecological environments, including riversides, wetlands, and forest undergrowth. As a wild species, wild rice can survive and reproduce under natural conditions, displaying high adaptability and environmental tolerance. This adaptability is evident not only in its physiological traits but also in its rich genetic diversity (Tiwari et al., 2020). Compared to cultivated rice, wild rice retains more genetic variation, providing valuable genetic resources for rice cultivation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biotechnology, research on the genetic structure and diversity of wild rice has become a hotspot in genetics and agricultural science (Lam et al., 2019; Xie et al., 2020). These studies are of great scientific and practical significance for enhancing the adaptability and productivity of cultivated rice, as well as for understanding the ecological adaptability and evolutionary processes of plants. Despite a certain research foundation on the genetic diversity of wild rice, our understanding of genetic differences among wild rice populations remains insufficient. Wild rice populations from different geographical locations may exhibit distinct genetic characteristics due to environmental selection or genetic drift. The specific differences and adaptive traits of these characteristics have not been fully studied. Particularly in Hainan Island, research on the genetic differences among wild rice populations and their adaptability to environmental changes is relatively scarce. This limits our comprehensive understanding and effective utilization of their genetic resources.
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