International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-42 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 37 Genomic adaptability is crucial for the survival and reproduction of species. In specific environments, populations with good adaptability are more likely to form prosperous populations, while populations with poor adaptability may face extinction. The existence of genomic adaptability maintains the balance and diversity of species in ecosystems, and has a profound impact on the stability of the entire ecosystem. Genomic adaptability also provides impetus for the evolution of organisms (An et al., 2019). Through long-term natural selection, the transmission of favorable genotypes within the population leads to changes in gene frequency, providing new genetic materials for species evolution. This helps species to continuously adapt to environmental changes, making them more competitive. At the human level, understanding the adaptability of the genome is of great value in explaining genetic differences among humans in different geographical and ecological environments. Throughout human history, humans have been distributed under various environmental conditions, and populations in different regions may adapt to the characteristics of their local environment through genome adaptation. Therefore, in-depth research on genome adaptability can help reveal the mechanisms underlying the formation of human genetic diversity. 3 A Study on the Impact of Three Genomic Adaptations on Different Population Groups Comparing these genetic differences not only helps to understand the unique adaptation strategies of different ethnic groups in high-altitude environments, but also provides clues for finding common adaptive genes. These studies contribute to the establishment of a more comprehensive genetic map for high-altitude adaptability, providing scientific basis for future research directions in fields such as medicine and biology. 3.1 Research on genetic adaptation of different ethnic groups or populations in high-altitude environments In past studies, many scholars have focused on the genetic adaptation of different ethnic groups or populations in high-altitude environments to reveal the genomic changes that occur in these populations when facing extreme environmental pressures (O’Brien et al., 2020). The Sherpas in Nepal live in the high altitude area of the the Himalayas and face extreme hypoxia and low temperature environment. Research has shown that there are specific variations in the genome of the Sherpa people, which are related to hemoglobin concentration and oxygen transport, making them better adapted to high-altitude environments. The Chimera people in the Amazon Andes region of Peru face strong hypoxic environments due to their residence at a height of over 4 000 meters. Related studies have found that there are some genetic variations related to oxygen perception and transportation in the genome of Chimera people, which help improve their adaptability to low oxygen environments. In addition, the Indian population has also become the focus of research in parts of Ecuador in the Andes. People in this region have been exposed to high-altitude environments for a long time, and research has found that there are some genetic variations in the Native American population, which are related to cardiovascular adaptation and energy metabolism. These variations enable them to better adapt to low oxygen and low temperature conditions at high altitudes. Tibetans in the the Himalayas also live at high altitude (Figure 2), and their genome research has also revealed some genetic variations related to oxygen adaptability. The study of genetic diversity contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of human genetic adaptation in high-altitude environments. The Lahasio population in Kenya, Africa, lives in high-altitude areas of the Great Rift Valley and faces different climatic and environmental pressures from the high-altitude areas of Asia and South America. Related studies have revealed some genetic variations in the Lahasio population, which are related to physiological processes such as blood coagulation and antioxidant defense, providing a diverse perspective for understanding human genetic adaptability in high-altitude environments.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==