International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 34-42 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 34 Research Report Open Access Exploring the Impact of High-altitude Ecosystems on the Genome Adaptability of Different Populations Lizhi Yang Biotechnology Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author email: Yanglizhi@cuixi.org International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/ijmeb.2024.14.0005 Received: 27 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 05 Feb., 2024 Published: 26 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Yang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Yang L.Z., 2024, Exploring the impact of high-altitude ecosystems on the genome adaptability of different populations, International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity, 14(1): 34-42 (doi: 10.5376/ijmeb.2024.14.0005) Abstract The special environmental conditions of high-altitude ecosystems pose serious challenges to the survival and adaptation of organisms. This study aims to explore the impact of high-altitude ecosystems on the genome adaptability of different populations. By introducing the characteristics of high-altitude environments, including their physical and biological characteristics, as well as the adaptation strategies of organisms in these environments, this provides a background for subsequent research. This study defines the concept of genome adaptability and emphasizes its importance in different environments. Through systematic case studies, we explored in detail the genetic adaptation mechanisms of different ethnic groups or populations in high-altitude environments, as well as differences at the genomic level. On this basis, this study further analyzed the relationship between high-altitude adaptation and health, revealing how adaptive changes affect susceptibility or resistance to certain diseases. By conducting in-depth research on the adaptability of high-altitude ecosystems to different populations’ genomes and exploring future research directions, we aim to provide scientific basis for deepening research on human genetic adaptability. Keywords High altitude ecosystem; Genomic adaptability; Population genetic adaptation; Environmental pressure; Genetic differences High altitude ecosystems have become one of the hotspots in biological research due to their unique environmental conditions, such as low oxygen, low temperature, and enhanced ultraviolet radiation. Compared to low altitude areas, the atmospheric oxygen concentration in high altitude areas significantly decreases, causing organisms to face pressure from insufficient oxygen supply here. Extreme low temperatures are a significant feature of high-altitude areas, which pose additional requirements for the metabolism and survival of organisms (Pandey et al., 2021). Ultraviolet radiation is more intense in high-altitude environments and has a significant impact on cell structure and function. The unique nature of this environment poses serious challenges to the survival and adaptation of organisms, forcing them to form unique adaptive strategies during the process of evolution. In high-altitude environments, organisms maintain survival through a series of complex adaptive mechanisms. When facing the challenge of hypoxia, organisms respond by increasing the number of red blood cells and improving oxygen transport efficiency. Animals and plants in high-altitude areas also adapt to low-temperature conditions through physiological and molecular adaptation strategies such as changing metabolic pathways and enhancing cell membrane stability (Pu et al., 2023). The adaptive mechanism of ultraviolet radiation involves various biological reactions such as DNA repair and pigment regulation. These mechanisms of biological adaptation provide insights into the impact of high-altitude ecosystems on the human genome. The potential impact of high-altitude ecosystems on the human genome has attracted widespread attention. The lives of different populations in high-altitude areas may lead to adaptive changes in their genomes (Fan et al., 2018). This study will focus on the genetic adaptability of different ethnic groups or populations in high-altitude environments, and investigate the possible genetic variations and mechanisms involved in this process. Is there a significant difference in genomic adaptability among different populations in high-altitude environments, and is this adaptability related to specific genetic markers. The study of these issues will contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolutionary process of the human genome in high-altitude ecosystems.
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