International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 18-25 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 23 This may affect the interactions between alpine animals and plants, such as food chains and pollination relationships, thereby affecting the survival and reproduction of alpine plants. Figure 2 Ecological competition in Alpine spruce Lilium nepalense is a kind of alpine plant, which grows in high altitude areas such as the the Himalayas. As the global temperature rises, the snow line in the the Himalayas rises, resulting in the habitat of alpine lily being compressed. This may cause the distribution range of alpine lilies to shift upwards. This movement may lead to alpine lilies sharing similar habitats with other plant species, such as alpine rhododendrons and alpine bidentates. The potential ecological risk is that this habitat sharing may lead to more intense competitive pressure on alpine lilies. Alpine plants typically adapt to specific survival strategies in extreme alpine environments, but competition with other species may disrupt these strategies. The survival and reproduction of alpine lilies may be squeezed, especially when competing with species that are more adapted to new environments. This competition may increase the survival risk of alpine lilies, especially in the face of more intense competition pressure and limited living space. Another potential risk is the loss of genetic resources. Under the pressure of global warming, certain alpine plant species may be threatened or even endangered. This may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity, as the population of species decreases or disappears, leading to a reduction in the gene pool of genetic diversity. This may weaken the adaptability and survival ability of the surviving population. High mountain Icelandic sedge (Carex atrata) is a herbaceous plant that grows in high mountain areas of Europe. With global warming, the living environment of alpine Icelandic sedge is threatened as it typically grows in cold alpine wetlands, and rising temperatures may cause these wetlands to disappear. This situation may lead to a decrease in the population and distribution range of alpine Icelandic sedge. The potential genetic risk is that the population of alpine Icelandic sedge may become smaller and more isolated, and the gene pool of genetic diversity may also shrink. This will make alpine Icelandic sedge more susceptible to random genetic drift, which may lead to the accumulation of harmful genotypes or the loss of adaptive characteristics. If the alpine Icelandic sedge is challenged in adapting to new environmental conditions, its survival and reproductive ability may be affected, which poses a risk to the long-term survival of the species. 5 Protection and Management of Genetic Diversity of Alpine Plants In the context of global warming, the genetic diversity of alpine plants is facing threats. In order to protect the genetic diversity of alpine plants, a series of comprehensive measures need to be taken, including establishing protected areas, habitat management, establishing gene resource banks, protecting germplasm resources, and interdisciplinary and international cooperation. 5.1 Conservation area and habitat management strategy In order to protect the natural habitat of alpine plants, it is necessary to establish protected areas to limit human interference. These protected areas should cover the distribution range of alpine plant species, ensuring that their
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