International Journal of Molecular Evolution and Biodiversity 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-9 http://ecoevopublisher.com/index.php/ijmeb 9 Protecting mammalian diversity is crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of ecosystems. As an important component of the ecosystem, mammals play a crucial ecological role. Their position in the food chain, access to food resources, and control of other species populations all have direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems. However, mammals face increasingly serious threats, including habitat destruction, climate change, illegal hunting, and poaching. These threats result in a decrease in the number of mammalian species, population pressure, loss of genetic diversity, and impaired ecosystem function. Protecting mammalian diversity is not only a moral responsibility, but also beneficial for humanity itself. The diversity of mammals maintains the stability of ecosystems, helps control pests, maintain plant diversity, protect water resources, and promote soil health. In addition, mammals are also an important component of ecotourism and cultural heritage, which have a positive impact on the tourism industry and cultural heritage. In order to protect the diversity of mammals, a series of comprehensive measures need to be taken, including establishing nature reserves, implementing sustainable land use and mining management, combating illegal hunting and poaching, and promoting climate action to mitigate the impact of climate change. In addition, educating the public and raising awareness of conservation are also crucial, as only by working together can we ensure the maintenance of mammalian diversity, ecosystem health, and biodiversity. In the future, people should continue to focus on studying the adaptive variation, ecological and evolutionary significance of mammals, as well as the importance of protecting mammalian diversity. Only through global cooperation and sustainable conservation measures can researchers ensure that mammals continue to thrive on the shared Earth and maintain the stability and health of ecosystems. Acknowledgement Thank Livia Lee for her support and relevant professional feedback. These help and support are important driving forces for me to complete this research work. References Charlesworth D., Barton N. H., and Charlesworth B., 2017, The sources of adaptive variation, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1855): 20162864. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2864 PMid:28566483 PMCid:PMC5454256 Liggins L., Treml E. A., and Riginos C., 2020, Seascape genomics: contextualizing adaptive and neutral genomic variation in the ocean environment, Population genomics: Marine organisms, 171-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/13836_2019_68 MacColl A. D. C., 2011, The ecological causes of evolution, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(10): 514-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.06.009 PMid:21763030 Micheletti S. J., Matala A. R., Matala A. P., and Narum S.R., 2018, Landscape features along migratory routes influence adaptive genomic variation in anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Molecular Ecology, 27(1): 128-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14407 PMid:29110354 Seeber P. A., and Epp L. S., 2022, Environmental DNA and metagenomics of terrestrial mammals as keystone taxa of recent and past ecosystems, Mammal Review, 52(4): 538-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12302 Verma P. S., and Agarwal V. K., 2004, Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology: Evoloution and Ecology[M]. S. Chand Publishing. Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and do not represent the views of the publishing house and/or its editors. The publisher and/or its editors disclaim all responsibility for any harm or damage to persons or property that may result from the application of ideas, methods, instructions, or products discussed in the content. Publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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