Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 212-219 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 215 efficiency of machinery, but also because the labor force there is becoming increasingly tight. But not all places are taking the same path. Some areas have replaced new machines early, while others are still relying on the old methods of sowing and harvesting (Deekshithulu et al., 2024). For example, the plains in the north of Assam used to use few machines, but there have been great changes in recent years. With more equipment, the land is used more, and the output has slowly caught up (Alam et al., 2025). The land conditions themselves are also related - these plots in the north are flat and fertile, so it is naturally easier to roll out mechanization. It does not mean that other places cannot catch up, but the pace is different. 5.2 Implementation of comprehensive mechanization systems Many farms in northern India now use various machines. Equipment such as tractors, rotary tillers, and harvesters can cover almost every aspect of farming (Figure 2). However, some tasks, such as transplanting and spraying, are not fully mechanized (Aryal et al., 2021). In order to help small farmers who cannot afford to buy equipment, local "customized rental centers" (CHCs) have been built. These places rent equipment and provide training and maintenance services (Sarkar, 2020). In this way, farmers do not have to worry about no one repairing the machine when it breaks down, nor do they have to spend a lot of money to buy machines themselves. For example, the utilization rate of machinery for harrowing has exceeded 90%, indicating that machinery has been widely used in field work. Figure 2 Wheat sowing by Super Seeder machine (Adopted from Singla et al., 2025) 5.3 Results and lessons learned It cannot be said that there is no effect. In northern India, once mechanization came into being, farming was indeed much easier. Many farmers said that the harvest was faster, the quantity was larger, and they did not have to work so hard that their backs ached every day (Agrawal and Manral, 2022). But not everyone can keep up with the pace smoothly. High oil prices are one thing, and the difficulty in renting machines during the peak season is a real problem. Sometimes you have to wait in line for several days, and the work is delayed. Not to mention operation and maintenance, no matter how advanced the machine is, it is useless if you don’t know how to use it (Chaudhari and Moses, 2023). However, it is not that there is no solution at all. The effect of practices like rental centers is quite obvious - not only equipment sharing, but also training. The problem is that there are not enough such places at present. If you really want to expand mechanization, it is unrealistic to rely on farmers alone. Policies must keep up, infrastructure must be repaired, and training must be implemented, and these problems may be gradually loosened. Otherwise, no matter how good the machine is, it will not be able to run into more fields.
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