Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 203-211 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 206 Studies have shown that after irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application, wheat yield and water use efficiency are about 40% and 15% higher than the control group, respectively (Li et al., 2022). Under drip irrigation conditions, the use of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers together not only makes wheat grow better, but also increases the nutrients in the soil and the utilization rate of fertilizers (Chang et al., 2024). In the critical period of wheat growth, using farmyard manure in batches, combined with liquid organic improvers, is particularly suitable for organic farming systems, which can further increase wheat yield and biological activity in the soil (Sharma et al., 2024). , the method of foliar and soil fertilization can alleviate the adverse effects and promote wheat growth and water use even when water sources are limited (Alotaibi et al., 2023). 4.3 Combined effects of climate and environmental conditions Climate change and environmental conditions, along with agronomic management, can affect the nutritional content of wheat. For example, rising temperatures, increased droughts, and increased carbon dioxide in the air can reduce wheat yields and reduce grain quality. However, proper water and fertilizer management can mitigate these negative effects to a certain extent (Melash et al., 2023). In fact, wheat yield and nutrient utilization are not only affected by climate, but also by the nutrient status of the soil itself. For example, high levels of phosphorus, potassium, and organic carbon in the soil often have a greater effect than climate factors alone, especially when there is a lack of water and nitrogen (Li et al., 2022). In order to cope with climate change, it is useful to adopt conservation agriculture measures. For example, retaining crop residues on permanent high ridges and applying precise fertilizers can increase the yield and resource utilization of the farming system even in adverse conditions, and improve the sustainability of agriculture (Hasanain et al., 2025). Proper adjustment of farming methods, crop rotation, management of organic matter, and optimization of irrigation can also make the soil healthier and improve nutrient recycling. In this way, the wheat farming system will be more resilient to risks and its yield will be stable in the long term (Al-Shammary et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2025). 5 Functional Food Applications of Nutrient-Enriched Wheat 5.1 Application of high-protein wheat in sports nutrition products High-protein wheat and some of its processed products, such as sprouted wheat concentrate, have high nutritional value and are very suitable for sports nutrition foods. Among these ingredients, the content of essential amino acids, vitamins (such as B1, B2, B6) and dietary fiber are relatively high. For athletes and people who exercise regularly, it can help them restore muscles, replenish energy, and improve their overall nutritional level. The complex nutritional supplements developed with sprouted wheat grains are not only high in nutritional value, but also stable. Now, these ingredients have begun to be used in sports drinks and various functional foods for athletes (Kazina et al., 2021; Tomé-Sánchez et al., 2021). 5.2 Potential of fiber-rich wheat for glycemic control foods Wheat bran is a good source of dietary fiber, so it has great potential in the development of blood sugar control foods. Modified wheat bran and bioprocessed wheat ingredients have higher fiber solubility and absorption rate, and are more functional when used in food. This fiber-rich wheat material not only helps intestinal health, but may also be beneficial for regulating blood sugar. It is particularly suitable for developing functional foods for diabetics or people who want to control blood sugar. In addition, modified wheat bran can also be used in gluten-free foods and baked products to diversify the types of healthy foods (Onipe et al., 2021; Saini et al., 2022). 5.3 Contribution of iron- and zinc-enriched wheat to micronutrient deficiency reduction Biofortified wheat varieties, especially colored wheat rich in iron and zinc, have been a great help in improving trace element deficiencies. These wheats not only supplement iron and zinc, but also contain rich antioxidants such as anthocyanins. After eating, they help prevent metabolic syndrome and some chronic diseases. If this ironand zinc-rich wheat is added to the staple food that everyone eats, it can effectively reduce the problem of trace element deficiency in people who eat wheat as a staple food. This approach can also support the development of public health projects and lay the foundation for the promotion of functional foods (Saini et al., 2020; Fitileva and Sibikeev, 2023).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==