Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 175-183 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 177 For example, MYB can respond to different hormone signals, such as auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA). It integrates these signals to affect the division, differentiation, and response of root cells to environmental changes (Chen et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2025). Figure 1 Root phenotyping and trait measurement (Adopted from Jia et al., 2019) Image caption: (A) Three-compartment root observation box and appearance of barley seedlings grown in the greenhouse for 12 days. (B) Schematic illustration of the procedure for root trait measurements (Adopted from Jia et al., 2019) WRKY is also involved in hormone-related regulation, especially ABA-related processes, which are equally important for root growth and stress response (Bakshi and Oelmüller, 2014). There are also transcription factors such as TGA and AP2/ERF, which are also involved in the signaling of ABA and ethylene hormones, and also affect root development and stress adaptation (Feng et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2023). Transcription factors such as MYB and WRKY help regulate barley root structure by cooperating with hormone signaling networks, enabling plants to adapt to various growth environments. 4 Methods for Identifying Key Transcription Factors 4.1 RNA-Seq and differential expression analysis RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a common technology that can be used to analyze the expression of genes in different tissues, developmental stages and environments. Researchers often find transcription factors (TFs) that may be related to root development or stress response by comparing the expression differences under normal
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