Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 166-174 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 168 3.3 Gene editing and transgenic approaches Of course, breeding is not the only way to think about this. Now there are more and more direct methods, especially transgenic and gene editing technologies (Figure 1), such as CRISPR/Cas9, which are used quite a lot. This kind of method does not need to wait for so long for intergenerational hybridization, and genes can be directly "taken action". Some experiments have achieved good results. For example, transferring ERF1-V of wild wheat or SNAC1 of rice into wheat not only improves drought and salt tolerance, but also does not affect yield (Saad et al., 2013). More interestingly, some research teams simply changed the regulatory pathway, such as modifying the TaGW2-TaARR12 pathway, and the result was that drought resistance and yield were improved together (Li et al., 2023). In addition, transcriptome analysis has also given us a lot of hints. Some genes and transcription factors that are active under stress have been regarded as objects that can be used in the future (Saidi et al., 2022). These new technologies are not intended to replace traditional methods, but can be used in conjunction with them, providing us with more tools to respond to climate change quickly and accurately. Figure 1 Genetic dissection of abiotic and biotic stress using muti-omics techniques (Adopted from Mao et al., 2023) 4 Agronomic and Management Practices 4.1 Optimized irrigation and water conservation When it comes to irrigation, it is not just about more water. If the method is wrong, no matter how much water you use, it may be wasted. For example, at the critical time of wheat filling, if the moisture in the soil cannot keep up, wheat yields can easily decrease (Hunt et al., 2018). But on the other hand, if irrigation is done accurately and
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