Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 110-119 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 114 some QTLS with high consistency and significant influence. Incidentally, several reliable candidate genes were also identified (Shakir et al., 2025). These verified QTLS provide clear "targets" for subsequent breeding practices. Figure 2 QTL cartographer plots showing a multi-trait QTL detected on chromosome 7A by multi-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) using data pooled over IR and RF environments. (A) IR environment; (B) RF environment. GP, germination percentage; DTA, days to anthesis; DTM, days to maturity; GFD, grain filling duration; PH, plant height; PTPM, productive tillers/m2; GWPE, grain weight/ear; TGW, 1000 grain weight; GYPP, grain yield per plot (Adopted firom Gahlaut et al., 2017) 5.3 Integration of QTLs into elite wheat varieties via marker-assisted selection (MAS) Verification alone is not enough; only QTLS that can truly be implemented make sense. Nowadays, many breeding projects have begun to integrate these QTLS into superior wheat varieties through marker-assisted selection (MAS) or marker-assisted cycle selection (MARS). Generally speaking, those main effect QTLS with strong explanatory power and outstanding effects will be given priority for integration (Kirigwi et al., 2007). With the increasing maturity of high-density typing techniques and genomic selection methods, the efficiency of this process has also significantly improved (Kumar et al., 2020). In fact, some projects have incorporated
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