Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 2025, Vol.16, No.2, 54-62 http://cropscipublisher.com/index.php/tgg 59 enabling them to have higher yields and better resistance in different environments (Long et al., 2024). However, this can also be regarded as a reminder-one should not always focus on pondering over a few main varieties. The true value of the pan-genome lies in the global diversity of wheat. The outcome of this project is actually telling us: We need to broaden our horizons. Ultimately, this method is not only feasible but also can indeed accelerate the pace of breeding. This step is indispensable if we want to discover more functional genes and promote molecular breeding. Figure 2 Introgressions and large-scale structural variation in wheat (Adopted from Walkowiak et al., 2020) Image caption: a-c, T. ponticum introgression on chromosome 3D in LongReach Lancer (a), T. timopheevi introgression on chromosome 2B in LongReach Lancer (b) and A. ventricosa introgression on chromosome 3D in Jagger (c). Track i, map of polymorphic RLC-Angela retrotransposon insertions (legend at bottom); track ii, density of projected gene annotations from Chinese Spring (blue bars, scaled to maximum value); track iii, per cent identity to Chinese Spring based on chromosome alignment (yellow; scale is 0%-100%); track iv, read depth of wheat wild relatives (blue-yellow heat map; legend at bottom). d, Dot plot alignment showing chromosome-level collinearity (black) with relative density of CENH3 ChIP-seq mapped to 100-kb bins for Chinese Spring (blue) and Julius (red); the arrow indicates a centromere shift. e, Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 5B and 7B in ArinaLrFor. f, g, Cytology (f) and Hi-C (g) confirm the 5B/7B translocation in SY Mattis (left) compared with the non-carrier Norin 61 (right). In f, five independent cells were observed; the translocation was confirmed independently ten times. Scale bar, 10 μm (Adopted from Walkowiak et al., 2020)
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